Al Jauhary, Muhammad Rifqi (2019) Kajian Karakteristik Lahan Gambut yang Didrainase (Studi Kasus : Desa Jabiren, Kecamatan Jabiren Raya, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Keterbatasan ketersediaan lahan potensial pada akhirnya disikapi dengan pengalihfungsian dan pemanfaatan lahan gambut yang termasuk lahan alternatif untuk pengembangan pertanian dan perkebunan guna memenuhi kebutuhan penduduk. Dalam pemanfaatan lahan gambut sebagai lahan pertanian, perlu dilakukan tindakan drainase untuk menurunkan muka air tanah sehingga tercipta kondisi aerob agar kebutuhan tanaman akan oksigen dapat terpenuhi. Seiring dengan pelaksanaan drainase, kemampuan tanah dalam menahan beban semakin bertambah. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya proses penurunan muka air tanah dan pemadatan tanah. Selain itu, proses dekomposisi yang terjadi di lahan gambut yang didrainase juga meningkat, sehingga mempengaruhi kadar abu dan juga penurunan permukaan lahan (subsidence). Kegiatan penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2017 hingga April 2018. Pengambilan sampel dan data lapangan dilakukan di Desa Jabiren, Kecamatan Jabiren Raya, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Sedangkan analisis sampel tanah gambut dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisika Tanah, Balai Penelitian Tanah, Kota Bogor. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksplorasi di lahan gambut yang telah didrainase dengan jenis penggunaan lahan : 1) karet yang dikelola berdasarkan manajemen BBSDLP (Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Lahan Pertanian), 2) karet manajemen rakyat, dan 3) semak belukar. Pengamatan meliputi kedalaman muka air tanah (cm), kadar air tanah (%), berat isi tanah (g cm-3), kadar abu (%), bahan organik (%), karbon organik (%), dan penurunan permukaan lahan (cm). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi dan korelasi. Berdasarkan serangkaian kegiatan dan analisis yang dilaksanakan dalam mengkaji hubungan jarak suatu titik dari saluran drainase terhadap karakteristik tanah gambut di Desa Jabiren, Kalimantan Tengah, diketahui bahwa muka air tanah di titik yang dekat dengan saluran drainase (25 m) lebih dalam dibandingkan titik yang lebih jauh dari saluran drainase (100 m). Selain itu, jarak titik pengamatan dari saluran drainase berbanding lurus dengan kadar air tanah, persentase bahan organik dan persentase karbon organik, dan berbanding terbalik dengan berat isi tanah dan kadar abu. Sedangkan, hasil pengukuran laju penurunan permukaan lahan didapatkan hasil bahwa elevasi lahan gambut di titik yang dekat dengan saluran drainase akan lebih rendah dibandingkan titik yang jauh dari saluran drainase. Adapun adanya anomali data hasil penelitian yang terjadi di lahan semak belukar diperkirakan disebabkan oleh perbedaan tingkat naungan (kerapatan) tanaman penutup tanah dan tebal serasah, serta terjadinya peristiwa kebakaran besar pada bulan Oktober tahun 2014.
English Abstract
The limited availability of potential land is finally addressed by the functions and utilization conversion of peat land which is alternative land for agricultural development to meet the needs of the population. In the use of peat land as agricultural land, drainage action needs to be taken to reduce the water table so that the aerobic conditions are created. Furthermore the plant’s needs for oxygen can be fulfilled. Along with the implementation of drainage, bearing capacity is also increased. This condition happens due to the process of water table decrease and compaction of the soil. In addition, the decomposition process that occurs on drained peatlands will incerease, so that it will affect the ash content and also land subsidence. The research activity was carried out in December 2017 until April 2018. Sampling and field data were carried out in Jabiren Village, Jabiren Raya Sub-District, Pulang Pisau District, Central Kalimantan Province, while the peat sample analysis was conducted at the Soil Physics Laboratory, Soil Research Center, Bogor City. The method used in this study was the exploration method on drained peatland with land use : 1) ICALRRD (Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development) management rubber land, 2) smallholder farmer management rubber land, and 3) shrubs. Observation parameters included groundwater surface depth (cm), water content (%), bulk density (g cm-3), ash content (%), organic matter (%), organic carbon (%), and land subsidence (cm). Data analysis included correlation and regression tests. Based on a series of activities and analysis which were carried out in examining the distance relationship of particular point from the drainage channel to the peat characteristics in Jabiren Village, Central Kalimantan, it is known that the water table at a point which was near to the drainage channel (25 m) was deeper than a point which was far from drainage channel (100 m). In addition, the distance of the observation points from the drainage channel was directly proportional to the water contents, to the percentage of organic matter, and to the percentage of organic carbon. Also it was inversely proportional to the bulk density and ash content. Whereas, the results of land subsidence rate it was found that the elevation of peatland at a point which was near to the drainage channel would be lower than the point that was far from the drainage channel. The anomalies that occured in shrub land happened due to the differences in the shade (density) rates of cover crops and litter thickness, and the occurrence of fires in October 2014.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/600/051907374 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.6 Clearing, drainage, revegetation |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Aug 2020 07:35 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Aug 2020 07:35 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/174159 |
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