Adriansyah, Ferian (2019) Laju Infiltrasi Berdasarkan Karakteristik Penggunaan Lahan Di Kawasan Desa Pesanggrahan, Kota Batu. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Permasalahan akibat adanya intensifikasi pertanian mengakibatkan menurunnya fungsi tanah itu sendiri diantaranya yaitu permasalahan penurunan kesuburan tanah, erosi, banjir, maupun kekeringan. Fungsi tanah dalam kaitannya dengan daur hidrologi di bidang pertanian memegang peranan penting dalam ketersediaan air tanah, perencanaan irigasi, dan drainase. Kemampuan tanah dalam proses infiltrasi merupakan faktor yang berperan dalam kegiatan konservasi tanah karena berkaitan dengan besar kemampuan tanah dalam menyimpan ketersediaan air dan dapat mempengaruhi besaran laju aliran runoff. Identifikasi fungsi hidrologi tanah berupa infiltrasi dengan melihat aspek penggunaan lahan dan tutupan lahan perlu dilakukan sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pengaturan tata guna lahan yang lebih efektif, selain itu data laju infiltrasi ini juga dapat digunakan untuk peneliti selanjutnya yang memerlukan pengelolaan irigasi maupun drainase terutama pada daerah yang memiliki sektor pertanian yang cukup luas. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2018 sampai dengan April 2019 di Kawasan Desa Pesanggrahan, Kecamatan Batu, Kota Batu. Plot pengamatan seluas 150 m2 yang terdiri dari 3 penggunaan lahan yaitu: (1) penggunaan lahan tegalan cabai, (2) perkebunan jeruk, dan (3) hutan produksi dengan 3 perbedaan kemiringan lereng yaitu kemiringan lereng 15%, 25%, dan 35%. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan contoh tanah untuk kegiatan analisis laboratorium serta pengukuran laju infiltrasi aktual di lapangan dan perhitungan laju infiltrasi menggunakan metode Horton pada beberapa penggunaan lahan di kawasan Desa Pesanggrahan. Parameter pengamatan yang diamati terdiri dari laju infiltrasi (cm/jam), tekstur tanah, kadar air tanah (%), berat isi tanah (g/cm3) , porositas (%), kemantapan agregat, dan kadar bahan organik tanah (%). Setelah didapatkan data tersebut, dilakukan analisis uji t antara pengukuran laju infiltrasi aktual di lapangan dan perhitungan hasil model Horton untuk mengetahui tingkat signifikansi kesesuaian metode pengukuran dari kedua metode tersebut lalu dilanjutkan dengan analisis korelasi dan regresi untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor apa saja yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat laju infiltrasi tanah. Laju infiltrasi yang didapatkan pada lokasi penelitian tergolong pada tingkatan agak cepat hingga cepat. Laju infiltrasi terendah didapatkan pada plot J15 yaitu sebesar 8,18 cm/jam untuk pengukuran laju infiltrasi aktual dan 8,98 cm/jam untuk hasil perhitungan laju infiltrasi menggunakan metode Horton. Untuk nilai laju infiltrasi tertinggi pada pengukuran laju infiltrasi aktual didapatkan pada plot H25 sebesar 20,13 cm/jam sedangkan untuk perhitungan laju infiltrasi model Horton didapatkan pada plot J35 sebesar 21,29 cm/jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode pengukuran laju infiltrasi aktual dan perhitungan laju infiltrasi model Horton tidak berbeda nyata yang artinya kedua metode tersebut dapat digunakan untuk pengukuran laju infiltrasi di lokasi penelitian. Selain itu, faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap hasil laju infiltrasiii adalah ketersediaan bahan organik di dalam tanah. Hal tersebut dikarenakan bahan organik dapat memperbaiki sifat-sifat fisik tanah sehingga tanah memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam meloloskan air. Faktor lain yang berpengaruh yaitu faktor porositas yang dimana dapat menunjukkan sebaran pori di dalam tanah. Semakin banyak pori makro dan semakin sedikit pori mikro maka tanah semakin mudah meloloskan air sehingga laju infiltrasinya dapat berjalan dengan cepat dan semakin banyak juga tanah dapat menahan air yang masuk.
English Abstract
The agriculture intensification causes in the degradation of soil function including the problem of soil fertility, erosion, flooding, or drought. Soil function as it is to the hydrologic cycle in the field of agriculture plays an important role in groundwater availability, irrigation planning, and drainage. Soil ability in the infiltration is a factor which has important role in soil conservation. It is because soil infiltration is related to the large ability of the soil in storing water availability and can affect the magnitude of runoff flow rate. Identification of soil hydrologic function in the form of infiltration should be done by looking at the aspect of land use and land cover so that it can be used as a reference in the management of more effective land usage. In addition the rate data of infiltration can be used by researchers who need the irrigation or drainage planning especially in area which has broad agricultural sector. This research was held in December 2018 to April 2019 in Pesanggrahan Village area, Batu City. The 150 m2 observation plot consisted of 3 land use, they were: (1) dry land with chili pepper as land cover, (2) citrus farm, and (3) production forest. The research was combined with 3 difference slopes which were: 15%, 25%, and 35% with each land use. The research was conducted by soil sampling for laboratory analysis activities as well as by measuring the actual infiltration rates in the field and by calculating the infiltration rate by using Horton's model. The observation parameters consisted of an infiltration rate (cm/h), soil texture, groundwater content (%), bulk density (g/cm3), porosity (%), aggregate stability, and soil organic matter content (%). Once the data was obtained, t test analysis between the measurements of actual infiltration rates in the field and the calculation of the Horton’s model to determine the significance level of the measurement method of both methods furthermore correlation analysis and regression to determine which factor could affect the rate of soil infiltration, were also done. The rate of infiltration obtained at the research site was relatively fast. The lowest infiltration rate were obtained in the J15 plot of 8.18 cm/hr for actual infiltration rate measurements and 8.98 cm/hr for the calculation of the infiltration rate using the Horton model. For the highest value of infiltration rate at actual infiltration rate measurements were obtained in the H25 with 20.13 cm/h whereas for calculation of the Horton’s models infiltration were obtained in the J35 plot of 21.29 cm/h. The results showed that there was No. sifnificant different between a method of actual infiltration rate measurement and the infiltration rate of the Horton model calculation. Thus, we could say that both methods could be used to measure the infiltration rate at the research site. In addition, the most influential factor towards the result of infiltration rate was the availability of organic materials in the soil. This was because organic materials could improve the physical properties of the soil so that the soil had a good ability to pass the water. Another important factor was the porosity which could show the pore spreads iniv the soil. The more the macro pores and the less the micro, the easier for the soil to pass the water so that the infiltration rate could run quickly. Also, there was more soil which could hold the water
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/662/05197436 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science > 631.47 Soil and land-use surveys |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:24 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2020 07:24 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173860 |
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