Khoirina, Athiyya Dini Nadiah (2019) Biologi dan Statistik Demografi Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merill). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kebutuhan Indonesia akan produksi kedelai memiliki nilai rata-rata sebanyak 2,3 juta ton biji kering kedelai per tahun. Tingginya minat masyarakat terhadap kebutuhan kedelai berbanding terbalik dengan hasil produksi kedelai yang dihasilkan, dimana pada tahun 2017 Indonesia hanya mampu memproduksi sebanyak 675 ribu ton kedelai dengan produksi kedelai pada tahun sebelumnya. Kebutuhan kedelai di Indonesia dipenuhi dengan melakukan kegiatan impor kedelai dari luar negeri sebesar 67,99%. Rendahnya produksi kedelai di Indonesia dapat diakibatkan rendahnya hasil produksi akibat gangguan hama. Hama utama tanaman kedelai salah satunya adalah hama penghisap dan penggerek polong. Hama yang dapat merugikan tersebut salah satunya adalah Nezara viridula dengan pengujian di lapang yang menunjukkan adanya penurunan hasil polong akibat N. viridula sebesar 49% per dua tanaman dengan luasan lahan 798 hektar. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya penelitian mengenai biologi dan statistik demografi mengenai pertumbuhan dan perkembangan N. viridula sehingga dapat mengetahui bagaimana pertumbuhan populasi N. viridula pada tanaman kedelai. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama, Jurusan Hama dan penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2019 sampai Mei 2019. Sebanyak 282 telur N. viridula diamati pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya mulai dari telur, nimfa instar 1 sampai nimfa instar 5, sampai imago bertelur dan mati. Data yang terkumpul digunakan unuk mendapatkan informasi biologi N. viridula, seperti lama periode yang dibutuhkan setiap stadia, lama hidup imago, siklus hidup imago betina dan fekunditas. Data hasil pengamatan tersebut kemudian disusun dalam bentuk neraca kehidupan untuk mendaptakn data nilai statistik demografi. Nilai yang diperoleh dari data statistik demografi diperoleh dari rumus perhitungan nilai parameter demografi yang sudah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa N. viridula memiliki tahap perkembangan berupa fase telur, nimfa instar 1 sampai nimfa instar 5 dan imago dengan rataan perkembangan berturut-turut berangsung selama 6,75, 2,68, 4,62, 6,81, 6,96, 7,71 dan 25,21 hari. Rataan lama hidup dari imago jantan dan betina adalah selama 30,24 dan 22,39 hari. Lama siklus hidup dari imago betina berlangsung selama 24,66 hari dengan jumlah keperidian sebanyak 76,77 telur/imago betina. Kurva kesintasan N. viridula yang diperoleh dari nilai lx dan mxtermasuk kedalam kurva tipe III. N. viridula memiliki nilai parameter demografi yaitu laju reproduksi kotor (GRR) sebanyak 60,26 individu per generasi, laju reproduksi bersih (Ro) sebanyak 8,33 individu per induk per generasi, laju pertambahan intrinsik (r) sebanyak 0,88 individu per induk per hari, dengan rataan lama generasi (T) selama 53,10 hari.
English Abstract
Indonesia's need for soybean production has an average value of 2.3 million tons of dried soybean seeds per year. The high public interest in soybean needs is inversely proportional to the yield of soybean produced, where in 2017 Indonesia was only able to produce as many as 675 thousand tons of soybeans with soybean production in the previous year amounting to 859 thousand tons. Current soybean needs in Indonesia can be fulfilled by importing soybeans from abroad at 67.99%. Low production of soybean in Indonesia can be caused by low production due to pest disturbance.The main pests of soybean plants are pod sucking and pod borer. Pests that can be detrimental are one of them is Nezara viridula with field testing which shows a decrease in pod yield due to N. viridula by 49% per two plants with a land area of 798. Therefore, there is a need for research on biology and demographic statistics regarding the growth and development of N. viridula so that it can determine how the growth populationof N. viridula in soybean plants. The research was conducted at the Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pest and Disease, Agriculture Faculty of Brawijaya University Malang. The research was conducted in February 2019 until May 2019.282 eggs of N. viridula were observed for growth and development ranging from eggs, first instar nymphs to fifth instar nymphs, to adult and adult laying eggs and overall adult dead. The collected data were used to obtain information about biology of N. viridula, such as the length of time needed for each stage, duration of life of the adult, life cycle of female imago and fecundity.The data from the observations are then arranged in the form of a life balance to obtain demographic statistics. Values obtained from demographic statistical data are obtained from the predetermined formula for calculating the demographic parameters.The results showed that N. viridula had a developmental stage form egg phase, first nymph instar to fifth instar nymph and imago dan with the average of successive developments takes place during 6,75, 2,68, 4,62, 6,81, 6,96, 7,71 and 25,21 days. The average length life of male and female adult is during 30,24 and 22,39 days. The duration of the life cycle of a female adult lasts for 24,66 days and fecundity was 76,77 eggs per female adult. The population of N. viridula obtained from the values lx and mxwas followed type III of survivorship curve. N. viridula has a value of demographic parameters isnet reproductive rate (Ro) was 8,33 individual per female adult per generation, intrinsic of increase (r) was 0,88 individual per days female per days, with generation time (T) was 53,10 days.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/774/051907721 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.3 Legumes, forage crops other than grasses and legumes > 633.34 Soybeans |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Aug 2020 03:03 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Feb 2022 07:36 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173859 |
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