Anggraini, Yulinar Diah (2019) Interaksi Genotip x Lingkungan Beberapa Genotip Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) di Dua Lokasi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) ialah salah satu tanaman hortikultura dari famili Solanaceae yang dikenal luas oleh masyarakat karena memiliki adaptabilitas dan nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Tanaman cabai rawit banyak dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat hampir di seluruh daerah di Indonesia, seperti Provinsi Jawa Timur, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Sumatra Utara, Aceh, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dan Bali. Rata–rata produktivitas cabai rawit di Indonesia pada tahun 2011 hingga 2015 sebesar 5,01 ton ha-1 menjadi 6,45 ton ha-1. Angka tersebut masih cukup rendah apabila dibandingkan dengan potensi produktivitasnya yang dapat mencapai 12–20 ton ha-1. Produktivitas cabai rawit di Indonesia yang masih tergolong rendah dikarenakan pertumbuhan tanaman sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor genotip dan lingkungan. Tanaman akan berbeda pada kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda, terutama pada karakter kuantitatif. Respon yang terjadi pada tanaman tersebut merupakan bentuk dari adanya interaksi genotip dengan lingkungan. Pengujian interaksi genotip dengan lingkungan pada varietas atau galur tanaman cabai rawit pada beberapa lokasi dapat dilakukan untuk mengembangkan varietas tanaman cabai rawit unggul, yang mampu beradaptasi luas atau spesifik dan berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui interaksi genotip dengan lingkungan beberapa genotip cabai rawit yang diuji di dua lokasi. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini ialah diduga terdapat interaksi genotip dengan lingkungan dari beberapa genotip cabai rawit yang diuji di dua lokasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga November 2018 di dua lokasi di Kabupaten Blitar yaitu, Desa Karangrejo, Kecamatan Nglegok yang memiliki ketinggian tempat 408 m dpl, dan Desa Sumberjati, Kecamatan Kademangan yang memiliki ketinggian tempat 142 m dpl. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan faktor tunggal yaitu genotip untuk setiap lokasi penelitian. Perlakuan terdiri dari enam genotip cabai rawit, diulang sebanyak empat kali pada dua lokasi berbeda dan jumlah sampel pengamatan tiap genotip dalam ulangan sebanyak 10 tanaman. Alat yang dibutuhkan ialah cangkul, meteran, penggaris, mini polybag, wadah plastik, cutter, mulsa plastik hitam perak (MPHP), pasak mulsa, papan label, ember, pompa air, selang air, botol plastik, pasak, tali gawar, knapsack sprayer, timbangan analitik, jangka sorong, millimeter scrup, kamera, amplop, alat tulis dan buku pengamatan, sedangkan bahan yang dibutuhkan ialah enam genotip cabai rawit (CRUB2, CRUB3, CRUB4, Lokal, Sret, dan Manteb), pupuk kandang kambing, pupuk Phonska, NPK 16-16-16, pupuk Mono Kalium Phosphate (MKP), pupuk Kalsium Nitrat (CN-G), tanah, kapur pertanian (dolomit), herbisida berbahan aktif diklorida, insektisida berbahan aktif seperti karbofuran, abamectin, dimetoat, metil eugenol, profenofos, fungisida berbahan aktif propine, dan tanaman refugia. Karakter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman (cm), tinggi dikotomus (cm), diameter batang (cm), panjang ruas batang (cm), panjang daun (cm), lebar daun (cm), lebar tajuk (cm), umur mulai berbunga (HST), jumlah bunga per karangan, umur awal panen (HST), umur akhir panen (HST), lama masa panen (hari), panjang buah (cm), diameter buah (mm), tebal daging buah (mm), bobot 100 biji (mg), jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot per buah (g), bobot buah per tanaman (g), bobot buah per plot (kg), dan hasil buah per hektar (ton ha-1). Data yang diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi gabungan lokasi taraf 5%. Apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ taraf 5%. Interaksi genotip x lokasi nyata pada karakter panjang ruas batang, tebal daging buah, dan bobot 100 biji. Interaksi genotip x lokasi nyata menunjukkan bahwa terdapat respon berbeda pada enam genotip yang diuji terhadap perbedaan kondisi lingkungan tumbuh di kedua lokasi. Lokasi memberikan perbedaan penampilan pada karakter jumlah bunga per karangan, diameter buah, dan bobot per buah. Lokasi di Karangrejo dan Kademangan memiliki perbedaan pada jenis tanah, kandungan bahan organik, dan curah hujan. Genotip memberikan perbedaan penampilan pada karakter tinggi tanaman, tinggi dikotomus, panjang daun, lebar daun, lebar tajuk, diameter buah, bobot per buah, bobot buah per tanaman, bobot buah per plot, dan hasil buah per hektar. Perbedaan faktor dalam tanaman (genetik) dan susunan genetik pada keenam genotip uji menyebabkan adanya perberdaan yang nyata pada genotip. Keenam genotip uji menunjukkan potensi hasil yang sama baik di lokasi Karangrejo dan Kademangan. Respon genotip sama terhadap kedua lokasi, sehingga keenam genotip dapat beradaptasi dengan baik di kedua lokasi. Karakter yang mendukung yaitu jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot per buah (g), bobot buah per tanaman (g), bobot buah per petak (kg), dan hasil buah per hektar (ton ha-1). Genotip V1 memliki karakter pertumbuhan yang paling baik di kedua lokasi karena memiliki hasil buah per hektar yang cukup tinggi, jumlah buah per tanaman yang paling banyak, ukuran buah sedang, tinggi tanaman sedang, dan karakter-karakter pertumbuhan lain yang lebih baik dibandingkan kelima genotip uji lainnya.
English Abstract
Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is one of the horticultural plants of Solanaceae family that is widely known by people because it has high adaptability and economic value. Chili pepper plants are cultivated by people in almost all regions in Indonesia, such as East Java, West Java, Central Java, North Sumatra, Aceh, West Nusa Tenggara and Bali. The average productivity of chili pepper in Indonesia in 2011 to 2015 amounted 5.01 tons ha-1 to 6.45 tons ha-1. This figure is still quite low when compared with the potential productivity that can reach 12-20 tons of ha-1. The productivity of chili pepper in Indonesia is still relatively low due to plant growth is strongly influenced by genotype and environmental factors. Plants will differ in different environmental conditions, especially on quantitative characters. The response that occurs in the plant is a form of genotype interaction with the environment. Testing of genotype with environment interaction on varieties or pepper plant cultivars in several locations can be done to develop superior varieties of chili pepper plants, which are able to adapt widely or specific and produce high yield. This research was aimed to find out the genotype with environment interaction some genotypes of chili pepper tested in two locations. The hypothesis in this research was alleged found genotype with environment interaction some genotypes of chili pepper tested in two locations. The research had been conducted from February until November 2018 in two locations, Sumberjati village, Kademangan Sub-district with altitude of 142 m asl and Karangrejo village, Nglegok District with altitude of 408 m asl, Blitar Regency. This research used Randomized Block Design (RAK) method with a single factor that was genotype for each study location. The treatment consisted of six genotypes of chili pepper, repeated four times at two different locations and the number of samples observed each repeat genotype of 10 plants. The tools were used hoe, meters, ruler, mini polybag, bucket, cutter, silver black plastic mulch (MPHP), mulch stake, label board, bucket, water pump, water hose, plastic bottle, stake, string cord, knapsack sprayer, digital scales, caliper, millimeter scrups, camera, envelopes, stationery, and observation books, whereas the material were used such as six genotype of chili pepper (CRUB2, CRUB3, CRUB4, Local, Sret and Manteb), goat manure, Phonska fertilizer, NPK 16-16-16, Mono Potassium Phosphater (MKP) fertilizer, Calcium Nitrate (CN-G) fertilizer, sterile soil, lime agricultural (dolomite), herbicide made from dichloride active, insecticide made from active as carbofuran, abamectin, dimetoate, methyl eugenol, profenofos, fungiside made from propinep active, and refugia plant. The character observations were height of plant (cm), height of dichotomus (cm), stem diameter (cm), stem leght section (cm), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), width of canopy (cm), age of flowering (HST), total flowers per bouquet, age of harvest (HST), age end of harvest (HST), duration of harvest (day), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (mm), thick of fruit flesh (mm), weight of 100 seeds (mg), number of fruit per plant, weight per fruit (g), weight of fruit per plant (g), weight of fruit per plot (kg), and fruit yield per hectare (ton ha-1). The data obtained from the observations were analyzed with analysis of variance combined location in level 5%. If there was a real effect then proceed with BNJ test in level 5%. Genotype x location interaction was real on the character stem leght section, thick of fruit flesh, and weight of 100 seeds. Genotype x location interaction real showed that there was different responses on six genotype tested to different of environment growth condition in two locations. The location gave different appearance on the character number of total flowers per bouquet, fruit diameter, and weight per fruit. The location in Karangrejo and Kademangan have different of type of soil, organic matter content and rainfall. Genotype provided difference in appearance on the character height of plant, height of dichotomus, leaf length, leaf width, width of canopy, fruit diameter, weight per fruit, weight of fruit per plant, weight of fruit per plot, and fruit yield per hectare. The different of factor in plant (genetic) and different genetic arrangement in the six test genotypes caused significant different in the genotype. The six test genotypes showed same of the potential results at the Karangrejo and Kademangan locations. The genotype have same response for the two locations based on results and yield components, so the six genotypes can adapt in both of locations. The characters supporting are number of fruit per plant, weight per fruit (g), weight of fruit per plant (g), weight of fruit per plot (kg), and fruit yield per hectare (ton ha-1). Genotype V1 has best growth character in both locations because it has high fruit yield per hectare, highest number of fruits per plant, medium fruit size, medium heigh of plant, and other growth characters are better than the other five test genotypes.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/639/051907413 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing > 633.84 Hot spices |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:24 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2020 07:24 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173832 |
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