Devianti, Novita (2019) Ekplorasi Bakteri Rizosfer Tanaman Tomat Organik yang Berpotensi Antagonis Terhadap Bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum Penyebab Penyakit Layu Bakteri pada Tanaman Tomat. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman tomat merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang penting di Indonesia. Namun, budidaya tanaman tomat banyak mengalami masalah yang dapat menyebabkan produksi tanaman tomat menjadi rendah. Salah satu penyakit yang menyerang tanaman tomat yaitu layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Ralstonia solanaceraum. Pengendalian menggunakan pestisida mulai ditinggalkan dan beralih pada pengendalian berdasarkan konsep pengendalian hama terpadu dengan memanfaatkan agens hayati. Agens hayati yang dapat dimanfaatkan yaitu bakteri antagonis yang berasal dari rizosfer tanaman tomat organik. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui bakteri rizosfer yang berpotensi antagonis terhadap R. solanacearum penyebab penyakit layu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Sentral Ilmu Hayati, Universitas Brawijaya mulai Januari sampai Juni 2019. Pengujian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Variabel pengamatan meliputi indeks penghambatan bakteri antagonis terhadap R. solanacearum. Data pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam pada taraf 5%. Apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan taraf 5%. Hasil eksplorasi bakteri dari rizosfer tanaman tomat organik didapatkan 63 isolat bakteri. Bakteri hasil eksplorasi diseleksi untuk mengetahui bakteri yang bersifat antagonis dan diperoleh 32 isolat bakteri yang bersifat antagonis terhadap R. solanacearum. Bakteri hasil seleksi dilakukan uji hipersensitif pada tanaman tembakau dan ditemukan 24 bakteri yang tidak menunjukkan gejala nekrotik sedangkan 8 bakteri menunjukkan gejala nekrotik. Isolat yang tidak menunjukkan gejala nekrotik dilakukan uji antagonis dengan memilih lima bakteri yang memiliki zona hambat tertinggi. Lima isolat yang dipilih yaitu isolat D3, E3, F2, H4, dan H5. Kemudian lima isolat terpilih dan streptomisin sulfat diujikan dengan bakteri R. solanacearum. Isolat E3 memiliki rerata indeks pengamatan lebih tinggi dari pada isolat yang lainnya namun memiliki rerata indeks lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan streptomisin sulfat. Sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa lima bakteri terpilih dan streptomisin sulfat memiliki kemampuan yang sama dalam menghambat bakteri R. solanacearum. Hasil identifikasi morfologi menunjukkan isolat E3 berwarna kuning dan D3, F2, H4, dan H5 berwarna putih; D3, F2 bentuk sel bulat dan E3, H4, H4 bentuk sel irregular (tidak rata); D3, H5 ukuran sedang, E3, F2 ukuran kecil, dan H4 ukuran besar; D3, F2 elevasi cembung dan E3, H4, H5 elevasi rata; D3, F2 tepian rata dan E3, H4, H5 tepian bergelombang; D3, E3, F2 permukaan koloni rata dan H4, H5 permukaan koloni kasar dengan tepian rata dan bergelombang. Hasil identifikasi secara fisiologi dan biokimia menunjukkan isolat D3, F2 menunjukkan Gram negatif, isolat E3, H4, dan H5 menunjukkan Gram positif. Sedangkan genusnya isolat D3 termasuk genus Pantoea sp. isolat F2 termasuk genus Erwinia sp. dan isolat E3, H4, dan H5 termasuk genus Clostridium sp.
English Abstract
Tomato is one of the important horticultural plants in Indonesia. However, the cultivation of tomato plants has many problems that can cause the production of tomato plants getting down. One of the diseases which attack tomato plants is bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanaceraum. Crop protection using pesticides began to be abandoned and turned into integrated pest control by utilizing biological agents. Biological agents can be utilized which are antagonistic bacteria from the rhizosphere of tomato organic plants. The purpose of this research is to find out which rhizosphere bacteria are potentially antagonistic towards R. solanacearum which causes wilting disease. The study was conducted at the Central Laboratory of Life Sciences, Brawijaya University from January to June 2019. Testing using a Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments repeated 4 times. Observation variables included the inhibitory index of antagonistic bacteria against R. solanacearum. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% level. If there were significant differences, then followed by Duncan's test of 5% level. The results of bacterial exploration of the organic tomato plant rhizosphere obtained 63 bacterial isolates. Exploration bacteria were selected to determine the antagonistic bacteria and 32 isolates of antagonistic bacteria were obtained against R. solanacearum. Bacteria from the selection were tested for hypersensitivity in tobacco plants and found 24 bacteria that showed no necrotic symptoms while 8 bacteria showed necrotic symptoms. Isolates no necrotic symptoms were tested by antagonists by selecting five bacteria that had the highest inhibitory zones. Five isolates were D3, E3, F2, H4, and H5. Five selected isolates and streptomycin sulfate were tested with R. solanacearum bacteria. E3 isolate has a higher observation index average than the other isolates but has a lower index average when compared with streptomycin sulfate. So it can be seen that the five selected bacteria and streptomycin sulfate have the same ability to inhibit the bacteria R. solanacearum. Morphological identification results showed isolates of E3 were yellow and D3, F2, H4, and H5 were white; D3, F2 are round and E3, H4, H4 are irregular in shape; D3, H5 medium size, E3, F2 small size, and large size H4; D3, F2 convex elevation and E3, H4, H5 flat elevation; D3, F2 flat edges and E3, H4, H5 wavy edges; D3, E3, F2 flat colony surface and H4, H5 rough colony surface which was flat and wavy edges. The results of physiological and biochemical identification show that the five isolates were bacillus (stem) cells; the results of the Gram test code isolate D3, F2 showed a negative Gram, isolates E3, H4, and H5 showed a positive Gram. The genus D3 isolates was including the genus Pantoea sp. F2 isolates was the genus Erwinia sp. and isolates E3, H4, and H5 was including the genus Clostridium sp.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/605/051907379 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.64 Other garden fruits > 635.642 Tomatoes |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:24 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2020 07:24 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173803 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |