Karina, Nava (2019) Penapisan Bakteri Indigenous Ub Forest Sebagai Bakteri Kitinolitik Penghambat Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Buah Cabai Merah. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Cabai merah adalah salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang menjadi salah satu penyebab inflasi akibat harga yang fluktuatif karena jumlah produksi yang kurang optimal. Salah satu faktor penghambat produksi cabai adalah adanya serangan penyakit busuk buah (antraknosa) yang disebabkan oleh jamur patogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Penyakit antraknosa dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hingga 90%. Pengendalian yang telah dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan fungisida sintetik. Akan tetapi penggunaan fungisida secara terus menerus memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu alternatif pengendalian penyakit antraknosa yang bersifat ramah lingkungan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memanfaatkan potensi bakteri kitinolitik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penapisan bakteri indigenous UB Forest sebagai bakteri kitinolitik dan mengetahui potensinya dalam menekan penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga Juni 2019 di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Tahapan penelitian meliputi: Isolasi dan uji patogenesitas C. gloeosporioides, peremajaan 78 isolat bakteri indigenous UB Foresi koleksi Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit, penapisan bakteri indigenous UB Forest sebagai bakteri kitinolitik pada media kitin, seleksi antagonis bakteri kitinolitik dalam menghambat C. gloeosporioides dengan menggunakan metode dual culture, pengujian penghambatan ekstrak kasar kitinase terhadap C. gloeosporioides menggunakan metode agar well difusion, pengamatan abnormalitas hifa jamur di bawah mikroskop, dan uji penghambatan bakteri kitinolitik terhadap penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai merah. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan uji lanjut menggunakan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan taraf signifikansi 5% pada software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jamur hasil isolasi sesuai dengan karakteristik jamur C. gloeosporioides. Berdasarkan hasil penapisan bakteri kitinolitik UB Forest, terdapat 76 isolat dari 78 isolat bakteri indigenous UB Forest yang memiliki kemampuan dalam mendegradasi kitin. Hasil seleksi dari 76 bakteri kitinolitik menujukan bahwa terdapat 71 bakteri yang memiliki kemampuan menghambat C. gloeosporioides pada rentang penghambatan 9-100%. Hasil pengujian menyatakan bahwa ekstrak kasar kitinase 5 bakteri kitinolitik UB Forest terpilih berpengaruh nyata dibandingkan dengan kontrol akuades dan fungisida (mancozeb 80%) dalam menekan C. gloeosporioides. Aplikasi ekstrak kasar kitinase menyebabkan gejala abnormalitas hifa C. gloeosporioides yaitu hifa lisis, menggulung, mengeriting, dan hifa layu. Berdasarkan pengujian persentase penghambatan bakteri kitinolitik terhadap C. gloeosporioides pada buah cabai menunjukan bahwa aplikasi bakteri kitinolitik UB Forest dengan kode UB 4, UB 5, UB 10, UB 17, dan UB 21 berbeda nyata terhadap perlakuan kontrol dengan fungisida mancozeb 80% dan akuades.
English Abstract
Red chili is one of the horticultural commodities which is one of the causes of inflation due to volatile prices. The ups and downs of chili prices are influenced by the amount of production that is less than optimal. One of the inhibiting factors for chili production is the attack of fruit rot (anthracnose) caused by pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Anthracnose can cause loss of yield up to 90%. Control that has been done is to use synthetic fungicides. However, the use of fungicides continuously has a negative impact on the environment. Therefore we need an alternative anthracnose disease control that is environmentally friendly. One effort that can be done is to utilize the potential of chitinolytic bacteria as biological controllers. This study aims to screen UB Forest's indigenous bacteria as chitinolytic bacteria and know their potential in suppressing anthracnose in red chili. The research was conducted from February to June 2019 at the Laboratory of Plant Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya. Stages of the study included: Isolation and pathogenicity test of C. gloeosporioides, rejuvenation of 78 UB Forest indigenous bacteria from Pest and Disease Departement collection, screening of UB Forest indigenous bacteria as chitinolytic bacteria on chitin media, selection of chitinolytic bacterial antagonists in inhibiting C. gloeosporioides using dual culture method, testing of crude extract chitinase in inhibiting C. gloeosporioides using well diffusion method, observing abnormalities of fungal hyphae under the microscope, and inhibiting the test of chitinolytic bacteria against anthracnose in red chili. Data were analysis by variance (ANOVA) and further tests using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a significance level of 5% in SPSS software. The results showed that the isolate fungi were in accordance with the characteristics of the fungus C. gloeosporioides. Based on the results of UB Forest chitinolytic bacteria screening, there were 76 isolates from 78 indigenous bacterial isolates of UB Forest that had the ability to degrade chitin in media. The results of the selection of 76 chitinolytic bacteria showed that there were 71 bacteria which had the ability to inhibit C. gloeosporioides in the inhibition range of 9-100%. The test results stated that fifth chitinase crude extract of UB Forest chitinolytic bacterias had significant effect compared to aquadest and fungicide control (mancozeb 80%) in suppressing C. gloeosporioides. The crude chitinase extract application causes symptoms of hyphae abnormalities of C. gloeosporioides, such as lysis, wilting, curling, and shiverled hyphae. Based on the testing of the inhibitory percentage of chitinolytic bacteria against C. gloeosporioides in chilli fruit showed that the application of UB Forest chitinolytic bacteria with code UB 4, UB 5, UB 10, UB 17, and UB 21 was significantly different from the control treatment with mancozeb fungicide and aquades.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/722/051907602 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing > 633.84 Hot spices |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:23 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2020 07:23 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173784 |
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