Azmi, Mohammad Jauharul (2019) Interaksi Genotipe X Lingkungan Terhadap Karakter Agronomi Dan Komponen Hasil Beberapa Calon Varietas Jagung Hibrida (Zea Mays L.) Di Kabupaten Tuban. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman jagung sebagai salah satu komoditas strategis tanaman pangan terpenting kedua di Indonesia diharapkan bisa memenuhi kebutuhan pangan masyarakat. Kebutuhan jagung semakin meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan penduduk. Peningkatan kebutuhan jagung ini harus diimbangi dengan peningkatan produksi jagung yang tinggi. Peningkatan produksi jagung bisa dilakukan dengan teknologi bahan tanam yang berkualitas dan berdaya hasil tinggi seperti varietas bersari bebas dan hibrida. Adanya interaksi genotipe x lingkungan menunjukkan perbedaan respon tanaman terhadap lingkungan tertentu. Hal ini menimbulkan kesulitan dalam pemilihan genotipe harapan apabila terjadi interaksi genotipe x lingkungan yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, pada program pemuliaan tanaman interaksi tersebut penting untuk diidentifikasi dalam memilih genotipe yang cocok pada kondisi lingkungan tertentu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh informasi mengenai interaksi genotipe x lingkungan terhadap karakter agronomi, komponen hasil dan memperoleh informasi calon varietas jagung hibrida yang mempunyai keragaan baik dan berdaya hasil tinggi di Kabupaten Tuban. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari - Mei 2019 di Desa Bulujowo, Kecamatan Bancar dan Desa Tawaran, Kecamatan Kenduruan, Kabupaten Tuban. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok) dengan 3 kali ulangan pada masing-masing lokasi. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam percobaan ialah 10 genotipe, 5 calon varietas jagung hibrida dan 5 varietas pembanding yaitu Bisi 18, Pertiwi 3, Adv 777, P36 dan Bisi 2. Sehingga terdapat 10 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan sehingga terdapat 30 satuan percobaan setiap lokasi. Sampel pengamatan diambil dari petak panen sebanyak 20 tanaman. Plot percobaan memiliki ukuran masing-masing 3,5 m x 3,5 m yang terdiri dari 5 baris dengan 12 lubang tanam setiap barisnya dengan jarak tanam antar baris 70 cm x 30 cm. Setiap lubang tanam diisi 2 tanaman sehingga terdapat ± 120 tanaman per plot. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini ialah variabel pada karakter agronomi, dan komponen hasil. Pengamatan dilakukan melalui pengambilan sampel untuk seluruh variabel. Karakter agronomi yang diamati ialah tinggi tanaman, tinggi letak tongkol, jumlah daun panjang daun, lebar daun, anthesis silking interval, umur silking, umur panen. Sedangkan karakter komponen hasil yang diamati ialah husk cover, panjang tongkol, unfilling cob tip, diameter tongkol, jumlah baris biji, bobot per tongkol, bobot pipilan tongkol, bobot tongkol per plot, bobot 100 biji, bobot gelondong (ton ha-1), rendemen (%), konversi hasil (ton ha-1).ii Kemudian dilakukan beberapa analisis data diantaranya analisis ragam, kehomogenan ragam, ragam gabungan dan skoring nilai keragaan. Berdasarkan ragam gabungan interaksi genotipe x lingkungan nyata terjadi pada karakter jumlah daun, umur silking, umur panen, husk cover, bobot tongkol perplot, rendemen, bobot gelendong dan konversi hasil. Interaksi genotipe x lingkungan yang terjadi menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan respon diantara dua lokasi penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil skoring keragaan yang menggunakan karakter penting tanaman jagung seperti: jumlah daun, umur silking, umur panen, husk cover, bobot tongkol per plot, rendemen, bobot gelendong, konversi hasil. Genotipe Nusa 4 mempunyai keragaan yang baik dan daya hasil tinggi pada lokasi Bulujowo. Karena memiliki keunggulan karakter, seperti: jumlah daun, umur silking, umur panen, bobot tongkol per plot, rendemen, bobot gelendong, konversi hasil. Sedangkan, genotipe Nusa 4 dan 5 mempunyai keragaan yang baik dan daya hasil tinggi pada lokasi Tawaran. Genotipe Nusa 4 pada lokasi Tawaran memiliki keunggulan karakter umur silking, umur panen, bobot tongkol per plot dan bobot gelendong. Genotipe Nusa 5 pada lokasi Tawaran memiliki keunggulan karakter bobot gelendong dan konversi hasil.
English Abstract
Maize plants as one of the most important strategic commodities of food crops in Indonesia are expected to complete the food needs of the community. Maize needs are increasing linearly with an increase in population. Maize needs must be balanced with a high maize production. The increased maize production can be done through quality planting material technology and high yield as open pollinated varieties and hybrids. The presence of environmental x genotypic interactions shows differences in plant responses to certain environments. This creates difficulties in the selection of hope genotypes if there is a high genetic x environment interaction. Therefore, the interaction of the plant breeding program is important to identify in selecting genotypes suitable for certain environmental conditions. The aims of this study was to obtain information on the interaction of genotype x environment on agronomic characters, yield components and obtain information on prospective hybrid maize that have good performance and high yield in Tuban District. The implementation conducted on January - May 2019 in Bulujowo Village, Bancar District, and Tawaran Village, Kenduruan District, Tuban Regency. This research uses randomized block design with 3 replications in the each location. The treatments used in the experiment were 10 genotypes, 5 prospective hybrid maize varieties and 5 comparative varieties namely Bisi 18, Pertiwi 3, Adv 777, P36 and Bisi 2. there are 10 treatments and 3 replications so that there are 30 experimental units per location. Observation samples were taken from 20 crop plots. The experimental plot has a size of 3,5 m x 3,5 m each consisting of 5 rows with 12 planting holes per row with spacing between lines 70 cm x 30 cm. Each planting hole is filled with 2 plants. so there are ± 120 perplot plants. The variables observed in this study were variables on agronomic characters, and yield components. Observations were made through sampling for all variables. The agronomic characters observed were plant height, cob height, leaf length, leaf width, silking anthesis interval, silking age, harvest age. While the yield component characters of the results observed were husk cover, cob length, unfilling cob tip, ear diameter, number of seed rows, weight per ear, cob shell weight, cob weight per plot, weight of 100 seeds, log weight (ton ha-1), yield (%), yield conversion (ton ha-1). Then carried out several data analysis including analysis of variance, homogeneity of variance, combined analysis of variance and scoring performance. Based on the combined analysis of variance, the interaction of genotype x environment was significant in the character of number of leaves, age of silking, harvest age, husk cover, ear weight per plot, rendemen, log weight and yield conversion. Genotype x environment interactions that occur indicate that differences in response between the two study sites. Based on the results of scoringiv performance that uses important characteristics of maize plants such as: number of leaves, age of silking, age of harvest, husk cover, ear weight per plot, rendemen, log weight, yield conversion. The Nusa 4 genotype has good performance and high yield at the Bulujowo location. Because it has character advantages, such as: number of leaves, silking age, harvest age, ear weight per plot, rendemen, log weight, yield conversion. Meanwhile, Nusa 4 and 5 genotypes have good performance and high yield at the Tawaran location. The Nusa 4 genotype at the Bulujowo location has the advantage of silking age, harvest age, ear weight per plot and log weight. The Nusa 5 genotype at the Tawaran location has the advantage of log weight and yield conversion character.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/753/051907637 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.1 Cereals > 633.15 Corn |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:19 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2020 07:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173692 |
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