Asih, Lizara Budi (2019) Pengaruh Konsentrasi Dan Waktu Aplikasi Paclobutrazol Pada Penampilan Tanaman Gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii) Dalam Pot. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman hias herba yang termasuk dalam suku Asteraceae dan banyak diminati oleh masyarakat karena memiliki warna bunga yang cukup beragam. Tanaman gerbera menempati urutan kelima yang dipasarkan di dunia, sedangkan di Indonesia status produksi bunga potong gerbera menempati urutan keenam setelah anggrek dan banyak dipasarkan secara nasional. Tanaman gerbera tidak hanya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bunga potong saja, melainkan dapat pula digunakan dalam bentuk tanaman pot. Keunggulan tanaman gerbera sebagai tanaman pot adalah memiliki masa pajang yang lebih lama. Penampilan tanaman gerbera sebagai tanaman hias pot dianggap kurang ideal karena tangkai bunga gerbera yang terlalu panjang, yaitu mencapai 65 cm. Tanaman gerbera pot terlihat ideal apabila tanaman rimbun dan kompak serta memiliki panjang tangkai bunga yang proporsional dengan tinggi pot. Salah satu cara untuk memperoleh tanaman gerbera yang sesuai dengan kriteria ideal tanaman hias pot adalah dengan mengaplikasikan zat pengatur tumbuh yang bersifat menghambat pertumbuhan, yaitu paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol tidak akan bekerja secara efektif jika diberikan pada waktu yang tidak tepat, sehingga perlu adanya penelitian untuk mendapatkan kombinasi antara konsentrasi dan waktu aplikasi paclobutrazol yang tepat agar dapat menghasilkan tanaman gerbera pot yang ideal dengan panjang tangkai bunga 1-1.5 kali tinggi pot, tanpa mengurangi kualitas tanaman gerbera. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini yaitu aplikasi paclobutrazol dengan konsentrasi 10 ppm pada saat tanaman berumur 10 mst dapat menghasilkan tanaman gerbera pot dengan panjang tangkai bunga 1-1.5 kali tinggi pot, tanpa mengurangi kualitas tanaman gerbera. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada Bulan Januari 2019 hingga Bulan Juli 2019. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan di Desa Tutur, Kecamatan Tutur, Kabupaten Pasuruan, Jawa Timur. Desa Tutur berada pada ketinggian 900 m dpl dengan suhu harian rata-rata 24°C. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 kombinasi perlakuan, yaitu P0 (tanpa pacobutrazol), P1 (paclobutrazol 10 ppm + 8 mst), P2 (paclobutrazol 10 ppm + 10 mst), P3 (paclobutrazol 10 ppm + 12 mst), P4 (paclobutrazol 15 ppm + 8 mst), P5 (paclobutrazol 15 ppm + 10 mst), P6 (paclobutrazol 15 ppm + 12 mst), P7 (paclobutrazol 20 ppm + 8 mst), P8 (paclobutrazol 20 ppm + 10 mst) dan P9 (paclobutrazol 20 ppm + 12 mst). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali, sehingga terdapat 30 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 6 tanaman gerbera, sehingga dibutuhkan 180 tanaman. Variabel pengamatan yang diamati meliputi pertambahan panjang tanaman, pertambahan jumlah daun, indeks klorofil daun, Specific Leaf Area (SLA), luas daun, lebar tajuk, diameter bunga, diameter tangkai bunga, panjang tangkai bunga, perbandingan antara tinggi tanaman dan tinggi pot serta perbandingan antara lebar tajuk dan diameter pot. Data yang telah diperoleh dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Setelah dilakukan uji ANOVA apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata (f hitung > f tabelii 5%) atau sangat nyata (f hitung > f tabel 1%), maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) dengan taraf 5% untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh perlakuan pada tanaman gerbera pot. Analisis deskriptif juga dilakukan berdasarkan karakter panjang tangkai bunga, jumlah bunga mekar per tanaman dan lebar tajuk tanaman untuk mendapatkan perlakuan terbaik sesuai dengan penampilan tanaman gerbera pot yang diinginkan oleh konsumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kombinasi antara konsentrasi dan waktu aplikasi paclobutrazol dapat menurunkan panjang tangkai bunga, meningkatkan indeks klorofil daun, meningkatkan ketebalan daun, menurunkan luas daun, menurunkan lebar tajuk tanaman dan menghasilkan tanaman gerbera pot yang proporsional. Perlakuan kombinasi antara konsentrasi 15 ppm dan waktu aplikasi 8 minggu setelah tanam serta waktu aplikasi 10 minggu setelah tanam dapat menghasilkan bunga gerbera dengan panjang tangkai ideal, tanpa mengurangi kualitas tanaman gerbera pot.
English Abstract
Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) is a herbaceous ornamental plants belongs to Asteraceae family and one of mostly desired by consumers owing to its wide range of the flower colours. Gerbera occupies 5th trades position in the world trade, whereas in Indonesia, the production status of gerbera cut flowers occupies 6th position after orchids and widely are marketed nationally. Gerbera plants are not only can be grown as a cut flowers but also potted plant. Potted gerbera have a vase life longer than gerbera cut flower. The appearance of gerbera as an ornamental potted plant is considered less than ideal because the flower stalk of gerbera is too long, i.e. up to 65 cm. Gerbera plants as a potted plants will be look ideal if the plants are lush, compact, have a proportional flower stalk length to pot height. Application of growth inhibitor, such as paclobutrazol, can be a way to obtain potted gerbera that appropriate with an ideal criteria of ornamental potted plants. Paclobutrazol will not work effectively if applied at an improper time, so it is necessary to have research to obtain a combination between the concentration and time application paclobutrazol that are appropriate in order to produce the ideal potted gerbera with a flower stalk length of 1-1.5 times of pot height, without reducing the quality of gerbera plants. Hypothesis of this research is the application of paclobutrazol with a concentration of 10 ppm and time application at 10 week after planting will produce potted gerbera with a stem length of 1-1.5 times of pot height, without reducing the quality of gerbera plants. The research was conducted at Tutur, Tutur District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java from January until July 2019. Tutur Village is located at an altitude of 900 m above sea level with an average daily temperature of 24°C. This research was designed using Randomized Block Design with 10 combinations of treatments, i.e. P0 (without paclobutrazol), P1 (paclobutrazol 10 ppm + 8 wap), P2 (paclobutrazol 10 ppm + 10 wap), P3 (paclobutrazol 10 ppm + 12 wap), P4 (paclobutrazol 15 ppm + 8 wap), P5 (paclobutrazol 15 ppm + 10 wap), P6 (paclobutrazol 15 ppm + 12 wap), P7 (paclobutrazol 20 ppm + 8 wap), P8 (paclobutrazol 20 ppm + 10 wap) and P9 (paclobutrazol 20 ppm + 12 wap). Each treatments is replicated 3 times, so that there are 30 units experimental. Each units experimental consist of 6 gerbera plants, so that 180 plants are needed. Observation variable included the addition of plant length, the addition of number of leaves, chlorophyll index, specific leaf area, leaf area, canopy diameter, flower diameter, flower stalk diameter, flower stalk length, plant height and pot height ratio, canopy width and pot diameter ratio. Data that has been obtained is analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If there is significantly effect of treatments (f > f table 5% or f > f table 1%), it continued by Honestly Significance Difference (HSD) with 5% level to find out the differences among treatments. Descriptive analysis was also done based on the character of the flower stalk length, the number of flower blooming per plants and canopy diameter of plants to get the best treatment according to appearance of gerbera pot plants desired by consumers.iv The results showed that the combination treatment between concentration and time application of paclobutrazol can be decreased the flower stalk length, increased the index of leaves chlorophyll, decreased leaves thickness, decreased leaf area, decreased canopy width and produced a proportional potted gerbera. The combination treatment of paclobutrazol between concentration 15 ppm that applied at 8 weeks after planting and applied at 10 weeks after planting can produce gerbera flowers with the ideal stalk length, without reducing the quality of gerbera plants.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/747/051907631 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.9 Flowers and ornamental plants |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:19 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2020 07:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173671 |
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