Evaluasi dan Pengembangan Kriteria Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Pisang Candi (Musa grup AAB) pada Landform Karst di Kecamatan Gedangan, Kabupaten Malang.

Insani, Athirah Aulia Putri (2019) Evaluasi dan Pengembangan Kriteria Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Pisang Candi (Musa grup AAB) pada Landform Karst di Kecamatan Gedangan, Kabupaten Malang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Pisang merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang keberadaanya penting di Indonesia. Permintaan pisang nasional berkisar antara 1,5-2,13 juta ton di tahun 2011-2015. Dalam rentang waktu tersebut, Jawa Timur merupakan penghasil pisang terbesar di Indonesia, dengan Kabupaten Malang sebagai penyuplai pisang terbesar, menyumbang 42,35% dari total produksi pisang di Jawa Timur. Salah satu sentra budidaya pisang di Kabupaten Malang berada di lahan marjinal di wilayah karst Kecamatan Gedangan. Jenis pisang yang paling umum dibudidayakan di daerah ini, yaitu pisang candi (Musa grup AAB). Meski begitu, informasi mengenai kesesuaian lahan di lokasi ini belum memadai. Sejauh ini, evaluasi kesesuaian lahan untuk pisang dilakukan di lahan vulkanik, aluvial, tektonik, dan fluviomarin. Dengan demikian, perlu adanya upaya untuk melakukan evaluasi kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman pisang di lokasi tersebut, mempelajari karakteristik lahan yang berpengaruh pada kesesuaian lahan pisang, serta menyusun kriteria kesesuaian lahan untuk pisang di landform karst. Penyusunan kriteria kesesuaian lahan dilakukan agar kriteria yang ada menjadi lebih representatif terhadap kondisi produktivitas riil di lapangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lahan budidaya pisang di Desa Tumpakrejo, Sindurejo, Gajahrejo, dan Sidodadi, Kecamatan Gedangan yang termasuk wilayah karst pada Formasi Wonosari (Tmwl). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei, dengan pendekatan fisiografis, pada 15 Satuan Peta Lahan (SPL). Parameter kuantitatif pada penelitian ini terdiri atas sifat fisik tanah: tekstur, BI tanah, BJ tanah, KHJ, pF 2,5, dan pF 4,2, serta sifat kimia tanah: pH, KTK, C-Organik, Kejenuhan Basa, N-Total, P2O5, K-dapat ditukar, Ca, Mg, Na, alkalinitas, dan salinitas, berikut pula produktivitas pisang candi di lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi dan regresi berganda dengan metode stepwise untuk menentukan karakteristik lahan yang paling signifikan memengaruhi produktivitas pisang candi. Modifikasi kelas kesesuaian dan modifikasi kriteria dilakukan dengan boundary line analysis (analisis garis batas), dengan batas kelas S1 (sangat sesuai) 80-100%, S2 (cukup sesuai) 60-80%, S3 (sesuai marjinal) 40-60%, dan N (tidak sesuai) <40% dari produktivitas potensial pisang candi. Hasil evaluasi kesesuaian lahan menurut kriteria acuan (Hardjowigeno dan Widiatmaka, 2007; Djaenudin et al., 2011, dan BBSDLP, 2012) termasuk ke dalam kelas S3 dan N, dengan faktor pembatas P-tersedia, N-total, K-dd, lereng, bahaya erosi, KB, pH, C-organik, dan kedalaman tanah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis stepwise, P-tersedia, kedalaman tanah, dan suhu merupakan karakteristik yang paling memengaruhi produktivitas pisang candi di lapangan. Kelas kesesuaian lahan menurut kriteria acuan berkisar antara kelas S3 dan N. Modifikasi kriteria ii berdasarkan boundary line analysis menghasilkan kategori kesesuaian S2, S3, dan N serta akurasi kriteria sebesar 83,87%. Modifikasi kriteria dilanjutkan dengan penyesuaian dengan mempertimbangkan karakter fisiologis pisang dan menghasilkan kelas kesesuaian S2, S3, dan N, serta persentase akurasi kriteria 83,87%. Tidak ada perbedaan kelas kesesuaian dan ditemukan adanya perbedaan faktor pembatas setelah modifikasi kriteria berdasarkan persentase produktivitas.

English Abstract

Bananas are one of the most important horticultural commodities in Indonesia. National demand for bananas ranges between 1.5-2.13 million tonnes from 2011-2015. Within the time frame, East Java had been the national biggest bananas contributor, with Malang Regency supplying 42.35% from East Java’s total production. One center of bananas production in Malang Regency is located in Gedangan District, overlying marginal lands of southern Malang karst region. Pisang candi (Musa grup AAB) is one of the most commonly produced plantains in the area. However, there is still a limited amount of information provided in relation to the land suitability of plantain in such karst area. Therefore, it is required to evaluate the land suitability, study the land characteristics in significance to plantain suitability, as well as to modify and determine a specific land suitability criteria for plantain in karst area. This research was conducted in plantain producing fields in Tumpakrejo, Gajahrejo, and Sidodadi Village of Gedangan District, which is included to the karst region of Wonosari Formation. This research used a survey method with a physiographic approach, covering 15 Land Mapping Units (LMU). The quantitative parameters in this research were soil physical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, hydraulic conductivity, pF 2.5, and pF 4.2), soil chemical properties (pH, CEC, C-organic, Base Saturation, Total N, available P2O5, exchangable K, Ca, Mg, Na, soil alkalinity, and salinity), as well as plantain productivity. Research data were analyzed with correlation analysis and multiple regression (stepwise) analysis in order to determine the most significantly influential land characteristics to plantain productivity. Land suitability was then classified into four categories based on boundary line analysis: S1 (highly suitable) 80-100%, S2 (moderately suitable) 60-80%, S3 (marginally suitable) 40-60%, and N (not suitable) <40% of plantain’s field productivity. Land suitability evaluation based on the criteria of Hardjowigeno and Widiatmaka (2007), Djaenudin et al. (2011), and BBSDLP, (2012) resulted in two different classes, S3 and N, with available Phosphorus, total Nitrogen, exchangeable Potassium, slope, erosion hazard, Base Saturation, pH, organic Carbon, and soil depth as the limiting factors. Stepwise analysis showed that Phosphorus availability, soil depth, and annual temperature were the most significantly influential land characteristics to plantain productivity. Suitability assessment based on the reference criteria resulted in two classes, S3 and N. Criteria modification based on boundary line analysis resulted in three classes, S2, S3, and N, with criteria accuracy of 83.87%. The criteria was then further modified in accordance with plantain’s physiological characteristics and resulted in three classes, S2, S3, and N, with an accuracy percentage of 83.87%. There was no suitability class difference between the two modified criteria. However, there were differences in limiting factors of those classes of both modified criteria.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FP/2019/218/051906961
Uncontrolled Keywords:	-
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science > 631.47 Soil and land-use surveys
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah
Depositing User:	Endang Susworini
Date Deposited:	24 Aug 2020 07:18
Last Modified:	20 May 2022 03:10
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173630

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