Hanani, Artianti Anin (2019) Analisis Integrasi Pasar Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) di Kabupaten Malang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Petani memproduksi cabai rawit dalam jumlah tertentu yang berpengaruh terhadap kondisi pasokan dan mengakibatkan harga cabai rawit berfluktuasi. Jika harga cabai rawit mengalami kenaikan petani akan menanam cabai rawit secara bersamaan yang membuat stok cabai rawit melimpah sehingga terjadi penurunan harga cabai. Hal ini menyebabkan adanya kesenjangan harga yang besar antara produsen dan konsumen mengindikasikan adanya transmisi harga. Kesenjangan yang terjadi membuat petani tidak mendapatkan keuntungan usahatani cabai rawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi pasar cabai rawit produsen dan pedagang pengecer serta menganalisis pasar acuan harga cabai rawit di Kabupaten Malang. Metode penentuan lokasi dilakukan secara purposive di Kabupaten Malang. Data harga cabai rawit yang digunakan adalah data time series skala bulanan dari Januari 2014 sampai Desember 2018. Metode analisis data menggunakan Error Correction Model (ECM) untuk integrasi pasar dan untuk pasar acuan menggunakan Kausalitas Engle-Granger. Aplikasi yang digunakan adalah Eviews 10. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa harga produsen dan pedagang pengecer cabai rawit telah terintegrasi. Hal ini ditunjukkan melalui uji kointegrasi untuk hubungan jangka panjang dilihat dari nilai residual yang sudah stasioner, dimana nilai t-statistik kurang dari nilai kritis dengan nilai probabilitas kurang dari 0,05 yaitu 0,0000. Pada uji ECM menunjukkan nilai R-square mendekati satu (0,8641) menjelaskan bahwa 86,41% perubahan harga produsen mampu dijelaskan oleh perubahan harga pedagang pengecer, dan sisanya 13,58% dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel diluar model. Nilai ECT (-0,7199) menunjukkan terdapat hubungan jangka panjang namun pergerakan harga cabai rawit pada kondisi keseimbangan jangka pendek semakin menjauh. Koefisien ECT menjelaskan ketidaksesuaian antara jangka panjang dan jangka pendek dapat di koreksi selama satu tahun sekitar 71,99%, menunjukkan penyesuaian keseimbangan harga cabai rawit membutuhkan waktu sekitar 1,3 bulan. Koefisien PE menunjukkan hasil sebesar 0,8333 artinya jika terjadi kenaikan harga cabai rawit di pedagang pengecer sebesar Rp. 1000 maka akan menyebabkan kenaikan harga cabai di produsen sebesar Rp. 833,30. Hasil uji kausalitas Engle-Granger menunjukkan bahwa harga di tingkat produsen mempengaruhi harga di tingkat pedagang pengecer, dimana nilai probabilitas (0,0202) kurang dari nilai signifikan (0,05). Sehingga harga cabai rawit di tingkat produsen dan di tingkat pedagang pengecer menunjukkan hubungan satu arah. Berdasarkan analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa pasar cabai rawit telah terintegrasi lemah, namun terdapat informasi yang belum ditransmisikan. Harga di tingkat pedagang pengecer menjadi pasar acuan cabai rawit di Kabupaten Malang. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah petani dan pedagang pengecer perlu untuk aktif menggali informasi agar tidak menjadi korban permainan harga dari pihak yang menginginkan keuntungan sepihak saja. Pemerintah perlu untuk memberdayakan petani dengan memberi solusi budidaya dan pemasaran cabai rawit.
English Abstract
Farmers produce cayenne in a certain amount which affects the supply conditions and results in fluctuating prices of cayenne. If the price of cayenne has increased, farmers will grow cayenne simultaneously which makes the stock of chili pepper abundant, resulting in a decrease in the price of chili. This results in a large price gap between producers and consumers indicating a price transmission. The gaps that occur make farmers not benefit from chili farming. This study aims to analyze the integration of the market of cayenne producers and retailers and to analyze the reference market for cayenne prices in Malang District. The method of determining the location was done purposively in Malang District. The data of cayenne prices used is monthly scale time series data from January 2014 to December 2018. Data analysis methods use Error Correction Model (ECM) for market integration and for the reference market using Engle-Granger Causality. The application used is Eviews 10. Based on the results of the analysis show that the prices of producers and retailers is integrated. This is indicated by the cointegration test for long-term relationships seen from the residual values that are stationary, where the t-statistical value is less than the critical value with a probability value of less than 0.05, which is 0.0000. In the ECM test shows the R-square value approaching one (0.8641) explains that 86.41% changes in producer prices can be explained by changes in the prices of retailers, and the remaining 13.58% can be explained by variables outside the model. ECT value (-0.7199) shows that there is a long-term relationship but the movement of cayenne prices in short-term equilibrium conditions is getting further away. The ECT coefficient explains that the discrepancy between the long-term and the short-term can be corrected for one year to around 71.99%, indicating that the adjustment in the balance of the price of cayenne takes around 1.3 months. The PE coefficient shows a result of 0.8333, which means that if there is an increase in the price of cayenne in retailers, it is Rp. 1000 it will cause an increase in the price of chili in the producer of Rp. 833.30. The Engle-Granger causality test shows that prices at the producer level affect prices at the retailer's level, where the probability value (0.0202) is less than the significant value (0.05). So the price of cayenne at the producer level and at the retailer's level shows a one-way relationship. Based on the analysis it can be concluded that the cayenne market has been integrated, but there is information that has not been transmitted. Retailer level become the cayenne price reference market in Malang Regency. The advice that can be given is that farmers and retailers need to actively dig up information so that they do not become victims of price games from those who want a one-sided profit. The government needs to empower farmers by providing solutions for the cultivation and marketing of cayenne.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/404/051907142 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.17 Products > 338.173 84 Products (Hot spices) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agribisnis |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:15 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Apr 2023 06:12 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173451 |
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