Rahayu, Tartiyana (2019) Eksplorasi Bakteri Filosfer Tumbuhan Jali (Coix Lacryma-Jobi L.) Dan Potensinya Sebagai Agens Pengendali Penyakit Bulai (Peronosclerospora Sp.) Pada Tanaman Jagung Manis. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan yang termasuk dalam program utama pemerintah dalam swasembada yang berlanjut. Permasalahan dalam budidaya jagung adalah adanya penyakit bulai disebabkan oleh jamur patogen Peronosclerospora sp. Pengendalian penyakit tanaman saat ini mengacu pada konsep pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) yang salah satu komponennya menggunakan bakteri antagonis. Bakteri antagonis pada penelitian ini diisolasi dari filosfer tumbuhan jali. Tumbuhan jali merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang memiliki famili yang sama dengan tanaman jagung yaitu Poaceae. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan pengujian bakteri filosfer hasil eksplorasi tumbuhan jali yang mampu menekan pertumbuhan penyakit bulai. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Desember 2018 hingga bulan Mei 2019 di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya Malang dan lahan jagung yang berlokasi di Jl. Lilin Emas Blok B, Dadaprejo, Malang. Tahapan penelitian meliputi eksplorasi bakteri filosfer tumbuhan jali, uji penghambatan bakteri antagonis terhadap jamur uji Rhizoctonia solani secara in vitro, identifikasi bakteri filosfer terpilih dan yang terakhir yaitu uji antagonis bakteri filosfer secara in vivo terhadap penyakit bulai. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 7 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Hasil eksplorasi bakteri filosfer pada tumbuhan jali menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 37 bakteri antagonis yang mampu menekan pertumbuhan patogen secara in vitro yang kemudian dilakukan pengamatan secara in vivo pada 5 bakteri yang memiliki persentase penghambatan tertinggi yakni kode P6, P7, P8, P14 dan U5. Hasil identifikasi secara morfologi, fisiologi, dan biokimia menunjukkan isolat bakteri P6 dan U5 termasuk genus Pantoea sedangkan isolat bakteri P7, P8 dan P14 termasuk bakteri genus Erwinia. Hasil pengamatan secara in vivo terkait persentase kejadian penyakit menunjukkan bahwa bakteri filosfer tumbuhan jali mampu menekan perkembangan penyakit bulai pada tanaman jagung manis varietas SBY yang rentan bulai sampai dengan umur 37 HST. Isolat bakteri filosfer yang termasuk genus Erwinia memiliki kemampuan menekan penyakit bulai yang setara dengan perlakuan PGPR. Sedangkan semua bakteri filosfer yakni genus Pantoea dan Erwinia mampu menghasilkan tinggi tanaman yang setara dengan kontrol PGPR dan mampu mengurangi kehilangan berat basah dan berat kering tanaman. Selain itu bakteri genus Pantoea dan Erwinia mampu meningkatkan kandungan klorofil tetapi bakteri filosfer tidak mampu mempengaruhi jumlah daun pada tanaman jagung manis.
English Abstract
Maize is one of the food commodities included in the government's main program in sustainable self-sufficiency. The problem in maize cultivation is the presence of downy mildew caused by the fungus Peronosclerospora sp. Current plant disease control refers to the concept of integrated pest control (IPM), which one component uses antagonistic bacteria. The antagonistic bacteria in this study were isolated from the Job’s tear plant phyllosphere. The job’s tear plant is one of the plants that has the same family as the maize plant, Poaceae. Therefore, in this study testing of phyllospheric bacteria will be carried out by exploration of job’s tear plants which can suppress the growth of downy mildew. The study was conducted from December 2018 to May 2019 at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya Malang and maize fields located on Jl. Lilin Emas Blok B, Dadaprejo, Malang. The research phases included exploration of job’s tear plant phyllosphere bacteria, antagonistic bacterial inhibition test on the in vitro Rhizoctonia solani test fungus, identification of selected phyllospheric bacteria and the last one was the test of phyllospheric bacterial antagonists in vivo against downy mildew disease. The research method used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 7 treatments and repeated 4 times. The results of the exploration of phyllospheric bacteria in job’s tear plants showed that there were 37 antagonistic bacteria capable of suppressing the growth of pathogens in vitro which were then carried out in vivo observations on 5 bacteria which had the highest inhibition percentage, codes P6, P7, P8, P14 and U5. Identification results in morphology, physiology, and biochemistry showed that P6 and U5 bacterial isolates including the Pantoea genus, while P7, P8 and P14 bacterial isolates included the genus Erwinia. In vivo observations related to the percentage of disease events showed that the job’s tear plant phyllosphere bacteria were able to suppress the development of downy mildew on SBY varieties of sweet maize which were susceptible to down to 37 days of age. Filolytic bacterial isolates belonging to the genus Erwinia have the ability to suppress downy mildew which is equivalent to PGPR treatment. Whereas all phyllospheric bacteria, namely the genus Pantoea and Erwinia were able to produce plant heights that were equivalent to PGPR control and were able to reduce the loss of wet weight and dry weight of plants. In addition, the bacteria genus Pantoea and Erwinia were able to increase the chlorophyll content but the phyllospheric bacteria were unable to influence the number of leaves on sweet maize plants
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/108/051906825 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.67 Corn > 635.672 Sweet corn |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:15 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Oct 2021 07:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173420 |
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