Andryani, Tanty (2019) Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) Sebagai Antijamur Terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah (Gloeosporium Sp.) Pada Tanaman Apel (Malus Sylvestris Mill.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Apel merupakan buah yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat karena memiliki rasa yang manis dan kandungan gizi cukup tinggi. Penyakit busuk buah apel yang disebabkan oleh jamur Gloeosporium sp. adalah salah satu penyakit yang sering ditemukan pada tanaman apel yang mengakibatkan gagal panen. Dalam mengatasi masalah ini, kebanyakan petani menggunakan fungisida sintesis yang dapat menimbulkan banyak kerugian. Secara alternatif jamur dapat dikendalikan oleh fungisida yang berasal dari alam yang aman bagi lingkungan dan tidak ada residu. Salah satu bagian tanaman yang telah diketahui dapat dijadikan fungisida nabati yaitu daun dari tanaman kelor. Daun kelor mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, triterpenoid dan saponin yang memiliki aktivitas antijamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun kelor terhadap penyakit busuk buah yang disebabkan oleh jamur Gloeosporium sp. pada tanaman apel. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Toksikologi dan Penyakit Tumbuhan (sub Mikologi), Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang dimulai bulan Februari hingga Mei 2019. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan yaitu media tanpa pemberian ekstrak daun kelor (kontrol), media dengan campuran ekstrak daun kelor konsentrasi 25.000 ppm hingga 125.000 ppm, dan 1 perlakuan pemberian mankozeb 80% 2000 ppm. Daun kelor diekstrasi menggunakan metode maserasi (perendaman). Penelitian ini dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Secara in vitro, berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor yang dicampur dengan media PDA diinokulasi jamur Gloeosporium sp. Penghambatan pertumbuhan jamur Gloeosporium sp. diukur dari diameter koloni dan berat kering miselium jamur. Secara in vivo buah apel direndam dengan larutan ekstrak daun kelor kemudian ditusuk 1 tusukan pada permukaan dengan suspensi jamur Gloeosporium sp. Diameter gejala Gloeosporium sp. yang muncul pada permukaan apel diukur selama 9 HSI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun kelor dapat dijadikan fungisida nabati dalam menekan pertumbuhan jamur Gloeosporium sp. Perlakuan ekstrak daun kelor dengan konsentrasi 25.000 ppm sudah mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Gloeosporium sp. penyebab penyakit busuk buah apel secara in vitro maupun in vivo. Pada konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor 75.000 ppm merupakan konsentrasi yang efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Gloeosporium sp. pada pengujian in vitro dengan nilai persentase penghambatan sebesar 50,05% sedangkan in vivo pada konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor 100.000 ppm. Nilai Lethal Concentration (LC50) ekstrak daun kelor dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Gloeosporium sp. sebesar 50% yaitu konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor 78.368 ppm.
English Abstract
Apples are a fruit that is widely consumed by the community because it has a sweet taste and a fairly high nutritional content. Apple rot that caused by fungus Gloeosporium sp. is one of the diseases that are often found in apple plants which results in crop failure. In overcoming this problem, most farmers use synthetic fungicides which can cause many losses. Another alternative, that pathogenic fungi can be controlled by bio fungicides that are safe for the environment and have no residue. One part of the plant that is known to be used as a bio fungicide is the leaves of the Moringa plant. Moringa leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids and saponins that have antifungal activity. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Moringa leaf extract against fruit rot caused by fungus Gloeosporium sp. on apple plants. The research was carried out at the Toxicology and Plant Disease Laboratory (Sub Mycology), Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang starting from February to May 2019. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments tested were the media without the addition of Moringa leaf extract (control), the media with the addition of Moringa leaf extract concentrations of 25.000 ppm to 125.000 ppm, and 1 treatment of addition of mancozeb 80% 2000 ppm. Moringa leaves are extracted using maceration (immersion) method. This research was conducted in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, various concentrations of Moringa leaf extract mixed with PDA media were inoculated with fungus Gloeosporium sp. Inhibition of growth of fungus Gloeosporium sp. measured from colony diameter and dry mass of fungal mycelium. In vivo, the apple was soaked with a solution of Moringa leaf extract and then pricked with 1 prick on it‟s surface with a suspension of fungus Gloeosporium sp. The symptom diameter of Gloeosporium sp. which appears on the surface of the apple measured for 9 days after inoculation. The results showed that Moringa leaf extract can be used as a bio fungicide to suppress the growth of fungus Gloeosporium sp. The treatment of Moringa leaf extract with a concentration of 25.000 ppm has been able to inhibit the growth of fungus Gloeosporium sp. causes of apple rot in vitro and in vivo. At the concentration of Moringa 75.000 ppm leaf extract is the most effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of fungus Gloeosporium sp. in vitro with an inhibitory percentage value of 50,05% while in vivo it was located at 100.000 ppm moringa leaf extract concentration. The value of Lethal Concentration (LC50) of Moringa leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of fungus Gloeosporium sp. to 50% is a concentration of 78.368 ppm
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/86/051906803 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.4 Fungus diseases |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:11 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Oct 2021 06:45 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173397 |
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