Aisyah, Siska Yulia Nur (2019) Periode Kritis Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril) Varietas Grobogan Pada Persaingan dengan Gulma. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril) ialah tanaman yang termasuk kedalam Family Leguminosae yang dimanfaatkan bijinya. Rendahnya produktifitas kedelai disebabkan oleh kurangnya kesadaran petani akan pentingnya kegiatan pengendalian gulma di areal pertanaman. Keberadaan gulma di areal pertanaman kedelai ialah suatu masalah yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil produksi. Pertumbuhan gulma tidak selamanya mengganggu pertumbuhan tanaman utama, namun terdapat suatu periode dimana tanaman sangat sensitif dengan adanya kompetisi gulma yang disebut dengan periode kritis. Periode kritis dapat dijadikan pertimbangan dalam menentukan waktu yang tepat dilakukannya pengendalian gulma, agar tingkat kehilangan hasil dapat ditekan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sejak bulan Januari hingga bulan April 2019 di lahan Unit Pelaksanaan Teknis (UPT) Pengembangan Benih Palawija, Dinas Pertanian Provinsi Jawa Timur yang terletak di Jl. Raya Randuagung No. 120 A, Desa Randuagung, Kecamatan Singosari, Kabupaten Malang. Alat yang digunakan ialah hand traktor, cangkil, knapsack, papan label, kamera, meteran jahit, timbangan analitik, oven, alat tulis, besi kuadran ukuran 0,5 m × 0,5 m, LAM (Leaf Area Meter) dan tugal. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah benih tanaman kedelai varietas Grobogan, pupuk urea, pupuk SP36 dan pupuk KCl serta insektisida berbahan aktif profenofos 500 g l-1. Percobaan dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 12 taraf perlakuan, yaitu G1: Periode bergulma 0 - 2 MST; G2: Periode bergulma 0 - 4 MST; G3: Periode bergulma 0 - 6 MST; G4: Periode bergulma 0 - 8 MST; G5: Periode bergulma 0 - 10 MST; G6: Periode bergulma 0 – Panen; G7: Periode bebas gulma 0 - 2 MST; G8: Periode bebas gulma 0 - 4 MST; G9: Periode bebas gulma 0 - 6 MST; G10: Periode bebas gulma 0 - 8 MST; G11: Periode bebas gulma 0 - 10 MST; G12: Periode bebas gulma 0 - Panen (kontrol). Setiap perlakuan terdapat tiga ulangan sehingga diperoleh 36 satuan pecobaan. Pengamatan dilakukan secara destruktif dan non-destruktif. Pengamatan gulma meliputi analisis vegetasi dan bobot kering total gulma, sedangkan untuk tanaman kedelai meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun trifoliate, luas daun dan jumlah cabang serta bobot kering tanaman. Pengamatan komponen hasil meliputi jumlah polong/tanaman, jumlah biji/tanaman, bobot 100 biji, bobot kering biji (g) dan produksi biji kering ton ha-1. Analisis data menggunakan ragam ANOVA (uji f) dengan taraf 5%. Apabila hasil pengujian berpengaruh nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa periode bergulma dan periode bebas gulma meningkatkan variabel bobot kering gulma, jumlah daun, luas daun, jumlah cabang, bobot kering tanaman, jumlah polong/tanaman, jumlah biji/tanaman, bobot 100 biji, bobot kering biji (g) dan produksi biji kering (ton ha-1), namun menurunkan variabel tinggi tanaman. Jenis tanah ultisol mendukung pertumbuhan gulma Echinochloa crusgalli dari fase awal pertumbuhan hingga akhir fase pertumbuhan, sehingga menyebabkan periode kritis tanaman kedelai varietas Grobogan terjadi pada 0 - 4 MST dengan tingkat kehilangan hasil 0,14% hingga 46,92%.
English Abstract
Soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merril) are plants included in the Family Leguminosae which are used by seeds. The low productivity of soybeans is caused by a lack of awareness of farmers about the importance of weed control activities in the planting area. The presence of weeds in soybean planting areas is a problem that can affect production. Weed growth does not always interfere with the growth of the main plants, but there is a period where the plants are very sensitive to the existence of weed competition called the critical period. Critical periods can be taken into consideration in determining the appropriate time for weed control, so that the level of yield loss can be reduced This research was conducted from January to April 2019 on the land of the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of Palawija Seed Development, the Agriculture Service of East Java Province located on Jl. Raya Randuagung No. 120 A, Randuagung Village, Singosari District, Malang Regency. The tools used in this study are hand tractors, hoes, knapsacks, label boards, cameras, sewing meters, analytical scales, ovens, stationery, iron quadrants measuring 0,5 m × 0,5 m, LAM (Leaf Area Meter) and tugal. The materials used in this study were the soybean seeds of the Grobogan variety, urea fertilizer, SP36 fertilizer, KCL fertilizer and active profenofos-based insecticide 500 g l-1. The experiment was designed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 12 levels of treatments, namely G1: weeds period 0 - 2 WAP; G2: weeds period 0 - 4 WAP; G3: weeds period 0 - 6 WAP; G4: weeds period 0 - 8 WAP; G5: weeds period 0 - 10 WAP; G6: weeds period 0 - Harvest (control); G7: weeds free period 0 - 2 WAP; G8: weeds free period 0 - 4 WAP; G9: weeds free period 0 - 6 WAP; G10: weeds free period 0 - 8 WAP; G11: weeds free period 0 - 10 WAP; G12: weeds free period 0 - Harvest (control). Each treatment has three replications so that 36 units of experiment are obtained. Observations will be carried out destructively and non-destructively. Weed observations included weed analysis and total weed dry weight, while soybean plants included plant height, number of trifoliate leaves, leaf area, number of branches and dry weight of plants. In observing the yield components, it includes the number of pods/plants, number of seeds/plants, weight of 100 seeds and dry seed production ha-1. Data analysis uses a variety of ANOVA (f test) with a level of 5%. If the results have a significant different, then it will be continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test with a level of 5%. The research shows that weed-free periods and weed periods increase the components of weed dry weight, number of trifoliate leaves, leaf area, number of branches, soybean dry weight, empty pod numbers, filled pod numbers, total pods, seed/ plant numbers, weight of 100 seeds, seed dry weight (g) and seed dry weight (ton ha-1), but decreases the plant height components. Ultisol soil type supports weed growth Echinochloa crus-galli from the initial phase of growth to the end of the growth phase, so that the critical period of the Grobogan variety soybean plants to occur at 0-4 WAP with a yield loss of 0,14% to 46,92%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/272/051907015 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.3 Legumes, forage crops other than grasses and legumes > 633.34 Soybeans |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Aug 2020 03:02 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Aug 2020 03:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173331 |
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