Aji, Yudha Kartiko (2019) Usahatani Padi Sistem Tanam Jajar Legowo dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Ketersediaan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani (kasus di kelompok tani Sekar Abadi, Desa Pendem, Kec. Junrejo, Kota Batu). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penelitian ini didasarkan pada penerapan teknologi sistem tanam guna meningkatkan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Jajar legowo merupakan teknologi pengaturan jarak tanam yang bertujuan untuk merekayasa jumlah populasi tanaman per satuan luas dan mendapatkan ruang kosong memanjang dan mempermudah proses pemeliharaan tanaman sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas (Suhendra et al. 2010). Desa Pendem sebagai salah satu sentra produksi padi di Kota Batu menerapkan sistem tanam padi yang berbeda, sehingga mempengaruhi produksi padi dengan kuantitas yang berbeda. Sedangkan peningkatan produksi maupun produktivitas tanaman belum tentu menyebabkan rumah tangga petani mencapai kata sejahtera untuk ketersediaan dan ketahanan pangan rumah tangganya. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu “Sejauh mana sistem tanam padi jajar legowo dapat mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani”. Secara rinci masalah tersebut dirumusan sebagai berikut : (1) Bagaimana sistem tanam padi yang diterapkan petani di daerah penelitian; (2) Bagaimana tingkat pendapatan usahatani padi di daerah penelitian; (3) Bagaimana pola konsumsi pangan rumah tangga di daerah penelitian; (4) Bagaimana ketahanan pangan rumah tangga di daerah penelitian; (5) Bagaimana pengaruh sistem tanam padi terhadap ketahanan pangan di daerah penelitian. Sampel yang diteliti pada penelitian ini dikelompokan menjadi dua yaitu petani padi yang menggunakan sistem tanam jajar legowo dan konvensional, Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode cluster sampling yaitu dengan mengklasifikasikan responden sesuai dengan karakteristik tiap kelompok, kemudian diambil sampel secara acak sehingga didapatkan 14 orang petani jajar legowo dan 20 orang petani konvensional dari total 20 orang responden petani jajar legowo dan 34 petani konvensional. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan disesuaikan dengan tujuan dalam penelitian. Tujuan pertama dianalisis secara deskriptif penggunaan sistem tanam padi oleh petani di daerah penelitian, sehingga diperoleh gambaran berapa jumlah petani yang menggunakan sistem tanam jajar legowo dan konvensional. Tujuan kedua dianalisis dengan membandingkan rata-rata pendapatan usahatani di daerah penelitian dengan penelitian terdahulu. Tujuan ke tiga dianalisis secara deskriptif pola konsumsi pangan rumah tangga petani di daerah penelitian, sehingga diperoleh gambaran bagaimana pola konsumsi pangan yang terbentuk di rumah tangga. Tujuan keempat dianalisis secara deskriptif ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani di daerah penelitian, sehingga diperoleh gambaran berapa banyak rumah tangga petani sampel yang tahan pangan dilihat dari klasifikasi silang dua indikator ketahanan pangan proporsi pengeluaran pangan dan Tingkat Kecukupan Energi (TKE). Tujuan kelima dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan variabel dummy. Hasil analisis deskriptif penggunaan sistem tanam diketahui bahwa petani yang melaksanakan sistem tanam padi Jajar Legowo di daerah penelitian masih lebih sedikit dibandingkan yang tidak melaksanakan, hanya 41% dari petani padi pada musim tanam Januari – April yang menerapkan sistem tanam jajar legowo. Hal ini dikarenakan banyak petani yang belum mengetahui keunggulan sistem tanam jajar legowo. Hasil analisis rata-rata tingkat pendapatan usahatani padi di daerah penelitian masih tergolong rendah, rata-rata di daerah penelitian lebih rendah dibandingkan penelitian terdahulu di Kabupaten malang tahun 2015, 2016 dan kota malang tahun 2017. Rata-rata pendapatan usahatani di daerah penelitian sebesar Rp.9.301.426 sedangkan penelitian terdahulu yaitu Rp.16.216.468. Pola konsumsi pangan di daerah penelitian sudah beragam Pola konsumsi pangan rumah tangga di daerah penelitian sudah beragam, terdapat tiga pola konsumsi pangan rumah tangga petani, yaitu Pola 1 (Nasi Putih + Sayur + Sambal + Ikan + Kopi) dengan skor PPH 81.83, Pola 2 (Nasi Putih + Telur + Sambal +sayur + Ayam) dengan sjor PPH 85.80, Pola 3 (Nasi Putih + Ikan + Tahu dan Tempe + Sayur + Sambal + ubi/roti + kopi) dengan skor PPH 79,27. Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga di daerah penelitian masuk dalam kategori tahan pangan, dengan rata-rata Tingkat Kecukupan Energi (TKE) sebesar 85,74%, Tingkat Kecukupan Protein sebesar 116% dan rata- rata proporsi pengeluaran pangan sebesar 36,03%. Hasil analisis regresi pengaruh sistem tanam terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani, artinya petani yang menerapkan jajar legowo dan yang tidak, tidak berbeda ketahanan pangan rumah tangganya. Hal ini dikarenakan tingkat produksi juga tidak berbeda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan, maka saran yang dapat diajukan adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Pemerintah melalui Balai Besar Tanaman Padi (BBPTP) perlu meningkatkan jumlah petani yang mau menerapkan sistem tanam jajar legowo dengan cara memberikan penyuluhan yang lebih intensif agar petani paham akan kelebihan sistem tanam ini. (2) Rumah tangga petani di daerah penelitian perlu mempertahankan diversifikasi bahan pangan pangan, sehingga pola konsumsi pangan tetap beragam dan proporsi pengeluaran untuk pangan menjadi semakin kecil. (3) Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi (BBPTP) perlu meningkatkan penyuluhan yang lebih intensif penerapan sistem tanam jajar legowo yang benar, sehingga produksi dan pendapatan dapat meningkat
English Abstract
This research is based on the application of planting system technology to improve household food security. Jajar legowo is a spacing management technology that aims to engineer the number of plant populations per unit area and get the empty space extending and simplifying the plant maintenance process so as to increase productivity (Suhendra et al. 2010). Pendem Village as one of central rice production in Batu City had applied a different rice planting system, which affects rice production with different quantities.While increasing production and crop productivity does not necessarily cause farmers to achieve prosperity for their household food availability and security. The formulation of the problem in this study is "To extent jajar legowo planting system can affect farmers' household food security". In detail the problem is formulated as follows: (1) What is the rice planting system applied by farmers in the study area; (2) What is the level of rice farming income in the study area; (3) What is the pattern of household food consumption in the study area; (4) What is the level of household food security in the study area; (5) How is the effect of the rice planting system on food security in the study area; The samples who studied in this study are grouped into two, that are rice farmers who use jajar legowo and conventional planting systems. Determination of samples using cluster sampling method by classifying respondents according to the characteristics of each group, then the samples taken randomly so it’s obtain 14 jajar legowo farmers and 20 conventional farmers from a total of 20 respondents from Jajar Legowo farmers and 34 conventional farmers. Data collection methods used interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis method used is adjusted to the objectives in the study. The first objective was analyzed descriptively by the use of rice planting systems by farmers in the study area, so that an illustration of the number of farmers using legowo and conventional planting systems was obtained. The second objective was analyzed by comparing the average farm income in the study area with previous research. The third objective was analyzed descriptively the food availability of farmer households in the study area, so that it obtained an overview of how much rice households stored to meet household food availability seen from the input of farm food production availability and the purchase and output of available rice food and rice donated to social activities. The fourth goal was analyzed descriptively by the pattern of consumption of farmer's household food in the study area, so as to obtain an overview of the pattern of consumption of food formed in the sample farmer households and the level of Energy Consumption and Protein Consumption Rate . The fifth objective was analyzed descriptively the food availability of farmer households in the study area, so that it obtained an overview of how many food farmer sample households were resistant from the cross classification of two indicators of food security proportion of food expenditure and Energy Consumption Level. The sixth objective was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with dummy variables. The seventh goal was analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. The results of the descriptive analysis of the use of the planting system are known that farmers who implement the Jajar Legowo rice planting system in the study area are still less than those who do not implement, only 41% of the rice farmers in the January-April planting season apply the legowo row planting system. This is because many farmers do not know the advantages of the Legowo jajar planting system. The results of analysis average income level of rice farming in the study area are still relatively low, the average in the study area is lower than previous studies in Malang Regency in 2015, 2016 and Malang city in 2017. The average farm income in the study area is Rp. .9,301,426 while the previous research was Rp. 16,216,468. The pattern of food consumption in the study area has varied. The consumption patterns of household food in the study area have varied, there are three patterns of food consumption of farmer households, namely Pattern 1 (White Rice + Vegetables + Sambal + Fish + Coffee) with PPH score 81.83, Pattern 2 (White Rice + Eggs + Sambal + Vegetables + Chicken) with Sjor PPH 85.80, Pattern 3 (White Rice + Fish + Tofu and Tempe + Vegetable + Sambal + Sweet Potatoes / Bread + Coffee) with a PPH score of 79.27. Household food security in the study area falls into the category of food security, with an average Energy Adequacy Rate (TKE) of 85.74%, a Protein Adequacy Rate of 116% and an average proportion of food expenditure of 36.03%. The results of regression analysis of the effect of cropping systems on household food security did not affect the level of food security of farmer households, meaning that farmers who applied jajar legowo and those who did not, did not differ in their household food security. This is because the level of production is also no different. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, the suggestions that can be proposed are as follows: (1) The Government through the Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi (BBPTP) needs to increase the number of farmers who want to implement the Jowo Legowo planting system by providing more intensive education so that farmers understand the advantages of this planting system. (2) Farmer households in the research area need to maintain diversification of foodstuffs, so that the pattern of food consumption remains diverse and the proportion of expenditure on food becomes smaller. (3) Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi (BBPTP) needs to increase more intensive counseling on the implementation of the correct legowo jajar planting system so that production and income can increase
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/444/051907218 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.17 Products > 338.173 18 Products (Rice) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agribisnis |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:02 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2020 07:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173194 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |