Zulfahmi, Hafizh (2019) Pengaruh Jumlah dan Frekuensi Pemberian Air pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L) Varietas Granola. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) termasuk tanaman sayuran yang berumur pendek. Saat ini kegunaan umbinya semakin banyak dan mempunyai peran penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Kondisi iklim yang semakin sulit diprediksi dan semakin berkembangnya jumlah penduduk dunia menyebabkan sulitnya terjadi keseimbangan antara ketersediaan bahan pangan dan permintaannya. Krisis pangan tersebut memicu berbagai negara untuk mulai mempertimbangkan berbagai bahan pangan alternatif, terutama bahan pangan berbasis karbohidrat. Kemudian saat ini di Indonesia sedang mengalami anomali iklim, dimana musim tidak tentu antara bulan basah dan bulan kering. Sedangkan untuk menghadapi hal tersebut maka harus diketahui jumlah dan frekuensi air yang tepat bagi tanaman. Tanaman kentang umumnya ditanam pada bulan basah yaitu pada awal musim penghujan, sehingga hanya tersedia pada musim tertentu. Petani jarang sekali menanam tanaman kentang pada musim kemarau, karena rendahnya tingkat ketersediaan air tanah. penyiraman dilakukan untuk mempertahankan kelembaban tanah sehingga penyerapan hara dari tanah oleh akar tanaman dapat berjalan dengan lancar (Winarto dan Subakti, 2003). Kekurangan air pada tanaman mengakibatkan terganggunya aktivitas morfologis dan fisiologis, sehingga terhentinya pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Kelebihan air pada tanaman dapat menyebabkan menurunnya suplai oksigen pada daerah perakaran tanaman sehingga tanaman sulit untuk berkembang. Diharapkan melalui percobaan ini dapat diperoleh informasi yang baik tentang jumlah dan frekuensi pemberian air pada tanaman kentang, sehingga efisiensi penggunaan air serta produksi kentang dapat ditingkatkan. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca pada bulan April sampai dengan Juli 2018, di Agro Techno Park Universitas Brawijaya, di Desa Sumber Brantas, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu. Terletak pada ketinggian 1609 m di atas pemukaan laut, dengan suhu udara rata-rata 18 °C. Alat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi: polibag 7 kg, cangkul, sekop, ember, handsprayer, gelas ukur untuk mengukur volume pemberian air, alat ukur meteran/penggaris, label, timbangan analitik, soil moisture tester, thermometer, LAM (Leaf Area Meter), ayakan 2 mm, hygrometer, oven, kalkulator, kamera, dan alat tulis. dan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain bibit kentang varietas granola dan tanah sebagai media tanamnya. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan jumlah pemberian air sebagai petak utama (J), terdiri dari tiga (3) taraf yakni; J1 : 300 mm/ musim tanam; J2 : 600 mm/ musim tanam; J3 : 900 mm/ musim tanam. Dan untuk frekuensi pemberian air sebagai anak petak (F) terdiri dari 3 macam yaitu; F1 : sehari sekali; F2 : dua hari sekali; F3 : tiga hari sekali. Masing – masing kombinasi perlakuan diulang 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 27 unit kombinasi perlakuan. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan terdiri dari 16 tanaman contoh. Pengamatan dilakukan secara destruktif dengan mengambil 2 tanaman contoh untuk setiap kombinasi perlakuan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada saat tanaman berumur 25 hst, 50 hst, 75 hst, dan 100 hst, pengamatan meliputi komponen pertumbuhan, komponen hasil, analisis pertumbuhan tanaman dan lingkungan mikro tanaman. Apabila terdapat interaksi maupun pengaruh nyata dari perlakuan, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji perbandingan antar perlakuan denga menggunakan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi nyata antara jumlah dan frekuensi pemberian air pada komponen lingkungan mikro yang meliputi : suhu tanah minimum pada umur pengamatan 25 hst, suhu tanah maksimum pada umur pengamatan 25 hst, kelembaban tanah maksimum pada umur pengamatan 75 hst dan 100 hst, dan kelembaban tanah minimum pada umur pengamatan 25 hst. Kemudian pada komponen pertumbuhan tanaman yang meliputi : panjang akar pada umur pengamatan 75 hst, berat segar akar pada umur pengamatan 75 hst, berat kering akar pada umur pengamatan 100 hst, luas daun pada umur pengamatan 100 hst, dan berat kering total tanaman pada umur pengamatan 100 hst. Interaksi yang terjadi pada berat umbi pada umur 120 hst menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara berbagai jumlah dan frekuensi pemberian air. Pada hasil penelitian ini, tanaman kentang yang diairi sebanyak 900 mm/musim dengan frekuensi pemberian air satu hari sekali, menunjukkan hasil yang paling tinggi pada seluruh komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil.
English Abstract
Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) include short-lived vegetable plants. At present the use of tubers is increasing and has an important role for the Indonesian economy. Climatic conditions that are increasingly unpredictable and the growing population of the world make it difficult for a balance between food availability and demand. The food crisis triggered various countries to start considering various alternative foodstuffs, especially carbohydrate-based food. Then currently in Indonesia is experiencing a climate anomaly, where the season is not certain between wet months and dry months. Meanwhile, to deal with this, the amount and frequency of water that is right for the plant must be known. Potato plants are generally planted in the wet months, namely at the beginning of the rainy season, so they are only available in certain seasons. Farmers rarely grow potato crops in the dry season, because of the low level of groundwater availability. watering is done to maintain soil moisture so that the absorption of nutrients from the soil by plant roots can run smoothly (Winarto and Subakti, 2003). Lack of water in plants results in disruption of morphological and physiological activities, resulting in cessation of plant growth and development. Excess water in plants can cause a decrease in the supply of oxygen in the roots of plants so that plants are difficult to develop. It is hoped that through this experiment good information about the amount and frequency of water supply for potato plants can be obtained, so that the efficiency of water use and potato production can be increased. The study was conducted in a greenhouse from April to July 2018, at Agro Techno Park, Brawijaya University, in Sumber Brantas Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City. Located at an altitude of 1609 m above sea level, with an average air temperature of 18 ° C. The tools used in this study include: 7 kg polybag, hoe, shovel, bucket, handsprayer, measuring cup to measure water supply volume, meter / ruler, label, analytic scales, soil moisture tester, thermometer, LAM (Leaf Area Meter ), 2 mm sieve, hygrometer, oven, calculator, camera and stationery. and the materials used in this study included potato seeds of granola variety The research used a Split Plot Design with the amount of water given as the main plot (J), consisting of three (3) levels namely; J1: 300 mm / planting season; J2: 600 mm / planting season; J3: 900 mm / planting season. And for the frequency of giving water as subplots (F) consists of 3 types, namely; F1: once a day; F2: every other day; F3: every three days. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times to obtain 27 treatment combinations. Each treatment combination consists of 16 sample plants. Observations were carried out destructively by taking 2 sample plants for each treatment combination. Observations were made when the plants were 25 days old, 50 days after planting, 75 days after planting, and 100 days after planting, observations included growth components, yield components, harvests, plant breeding analyzes and plant microenvironment. If there is an interaction or a real effect of the treatment, then proceed with a comparison test between treatments using the Honest Real Difference Test (BNJ) at the level of 5%. The results showed that there was a real interaction between the amount and frequency of giving water to the microenvironment components which included: minimum soil temperature at the age of 25 days observation, maximum soil temperature at the age of 25 days observation, maximum soil moisture at 75 days and 100 days, minimum soil moisture at the age of 25 days observation. Then the components of plant growth include: root length at age 75 observations, root fresh weight at age 75 observations, root dry weight at age of observation 100 days, leaf area at age of observation 100 days, and total dry weight of plants at the age of observation 100 days. Interactions that occur in tuber weight at the age of 120 days showed an interaction between various amounts and frequencies of water supply. In the results of this study, plants irrigated as much as 900 mm / season with the frequency of giving water once a day, showed the highest results in all components of growth and yield.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/40/051906791 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.2 Edible tubers and bulbs > 635.21 Potatoes |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 06:57 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2020 06:57 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/172751 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |