Wibowo, Muhammad Satryo (2019) Tinjauan Yuridis Pasal 97 United Nations Conventions On The Law Of The Sea 1982 Tentang Incident Of Navigation Dalam Insiden Enrica Lexie Tahun 2012. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Sebagai negara yang berdaulat, setiap negara memiliki kewenangan untuk mengatur perihal-perihal yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan negaranya. Sebagai manifestasi dari kedaulatan tersebut, negara-negara memiliki suatu kewenangan yang disebut dengan yurisdiksi. Dalam hukum internasional, pada dasarnya terdapat dua jenis yurisdiksi, yaitu yurisdiksi untung membuat peraturan mengenai sesuatu hal atau yang biasa disebut dengan yurisdiksi preskriptif dan yurisdiksi untuk melakukan tindakan-tindakan tertentu guna menegakkan peraturan yang telah dibuat. United Nations Conventions on The Law of The Sea 1982 juga mengatur alokasi yurisdiksi kepada negara-negara yang berdaulat, namun dalam konvensi ini yurisdiksi ditentukan berdasarkan zona kelautan serta alokasi yurisdiksi yang bersifat fungsional. India serta Italia yang merupakan negara anggota UNCLOS 1982 terlibat sengketa yang melibatkan warga negara dari dua negara tersebut. Dua anggota Vessel Protection Detatchment berkebangsaan Italia yang ditugaskan mengawal kapal tanker Enrica Lexie pada saat sedang berlayar di 20.5 mil laut barat pantai India melepaskan tembakan ke arah kapal tanpa bendera yang ternyata dikemudikan oleh warga India dimana tembakan tersebut menyebabkan dua warga negara India tewas. India menangkap kedua anggota VPD tersebut dan melakukan proses peradilan berdasarkan hukum India. Keberatan, Italia membawa insiden ini untuk diselesaikan di Permanent Court of Arbitration dan menggunakan Pasal 97 UNCLOS 1982 sebagai dasar hukum dalam berperkara di PCA. Italia menggunakan pasal tersebut karena Italia berargumen bahwa dengan melihat lokasi kejadian dari insiden ini, Italia adalah negara yang seharusnya memiliki yurisdiksi untuk mengadili kedua anggota VPD tersebut sebagai negara bendera dari Enrica Lexie. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, penulis akan melakukan penelitian dengan tiga rumusan masalah, (1) Apakah insiden Enrica Lexie dapat dikategorian sebagai Incident of Navigation dalam pasal 97 UNCLOS 1982? (2) Apakah tindakan Pemerintah India yang menangkap tersangka pelaku penembakan dalam insiden Enrica Lexie dapat dibenarkan oleh hukum internasional? Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan insiden, serta pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah;. Insiden Enrica Lexie dapat dikategorikan sebagai Incident of Navigation karena sifatnya yang tidak terduga serta menyebabkan kerugian imateriil yaitu tewasnya dua orang warga negara India. Kesimpulan yang terakhir adalah tindakan India yang menangkap serta memproses hukum dua orang warga negara Italia tidak dapat dibenarkan oleh hukum internasional.
English Abstract
As a sovereign country, every country has the authority to regulate matters relating to the interests of their country. As a manifestation of sovereignty, countries possessed a right called jurisdiction. In ffinternational law, there are basically two types of jurisdiction, namely jurisdictions that enables states to create regulations in regards of certain issue or commonly called as prescriptive jurisdiction and jurisdiction to carry out certain actions to enforce the rules that have been made. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea also regulates jurisdictional allocation to sovereign countries, but in this convention jurisdiction is determined based on marine zones and functional jurisdiction allocations. India and Italy which are member countries of UNCLOS 1982 were involved in disputes involving citizens from the two countries. Two members of the Italian Vessel Protection Detachments assigned to escort the Enrica Lexie, a tanker ship while sailing on 20.5 nautical miles west of the coast of India. They opened fire on a flagless ship which was apparently driven by Indians where the gunfire left two Indian citizens dead. India arrested the two VPD members and conducted a judicial process based on Indian law. In order to showcase its objections, Italy brought this case to be resolved at the Permanent Court of Arbitration and used Article 97 UNCLOS 1982 as the legal basis for the dispute resolution process at PCA. Italy uses the article because Italy argues that by looking at the location of the incident, Italy is the country that should have jurisdiction to try the two VPD members as Enrica Lexie's flag state. Based on these problems, the author will conduct research with three problem main problems, (1) How does international law interpret incident of navigation in Article 97 UNCLOS 1982? (2) Can the Enrica Lexie incident be categorized as Incident of Navigation in Article 97 UNCLOS 1982? (3) Which country has jurisdiction over the handling of the Enrica Lexie incident based on UNCLOS 1982? This research will be conducted using a normative juridical research method alongside a conceptual approach, a case approach, and a legislation approach that will be used to analyze and answer the questions contained in in the main problems of this research to reach conclusions regarding the definition of incident of navigation and to know which country has jurisdiction to handle this case based on UNCLOS 1982. The results of the research are; in order for an event to be categorized as an incident of navigation, an event must occur in an unforeseen circumstances and caused material or immaterial losses such as loss of life or damage to the ship. The Enrica Lexie incident can be categorized as Incident of Navigation because of its unexpected nature and this incident resulted in immaterial losses, namely the death of two Indian citizens. The final conclusion is that Italy is the country that has jurisdiction to handle the Enrica Lexie case based on Article 97 UNCLOS 1982.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FH/2019/235/051903258 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 341 Law of nations > 341.4 Jurisdiction over physical space; human rights > 341.45 High seas |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Hukum > Ilmu Hukum |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Jul 2020 04:41 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Jul 2020 04:41 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/169562 |
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