Thoriqussalam, Ahmad (2018) Pengaruh Komposisi Media Pesemaian Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Bawang Merah Asal Biji (True Shallot Seed). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Bawang merah ialah tanaman yang dimanfaatkan daun dan umbinya. Di Indonesia, bawang merah memiliki permasalahan pada produktivitas dan kualitasnya. Pada umumnya budidaya bawang merah menggunakan umbi konvensional sebagai sumber benihnya. Namun, mutu benih umbi konvensional kurang terjamin dikarenakan sering membawa patogen penyakit yang akan mengakibatkan penurunan hasil produktivitas bawang merah (Pangestuti dan Sulistyaningsih, 2011; Sumarni et al., 2012a). TSS (True Shallot Seed) ialah perbanyakan tanaman bawang merah menggunakan biji dan merupakan alternatif teknologi yang potensial untuk mengembangkan benih bawang merah yang berkualitas. Namun penggunaan TSS memiliki beberapa kelemahan yaitu biji harus disemaikan terlebih dahulu dan umur panen panen dilapangan lebih lama. Maka dari itu, diperlukan komposisi media persemaian yang mendukung perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan benih bawang merah serta berpotensi untuk menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi media persemaian yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah asal True Shallot Seed. Sedangkan hipotesis yang diajukan adalah terdapat komposisi media persemaian yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah asal True Shallot Seed. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Universitas Brawijaya Jatimulyo, kecamatan Lowokwaru, kota Malang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Oktober 2017. Adapun alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, kerangka besi semai, sekop, cangkul, alat penyiraman, meteran, bambu, triplek, timbangan, ember, label, alat tulis dan kamera. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu biji TSS varietas Tuk-tuk, plastik fiber/kasa plastik transparan, plastik hitam, kantong plastik, tanah, kokopit, kompos, pupuk kandang kambing, arang sekam dan bahan pendukung lainnya. Adapun tahapan kegiatan penelitian ini yaitu persemaian, peberian naungan, pemeliharaan, pemupukan, pengolahan lahan, pindah tanam, penyulaman, pengendalian hama dan penyakit, panen dan pengeringan. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 11 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan pada saat persemaian dan setelah pindah tanam. Perlakuan pada saat persemaian yaitu P0 = Tanah, P1 = Tanah : kompos (2:1), P2 = Tanah : kokopit (2:1), P3 = Tanah : pupuk kandang kambing (2:1), P4 = Tanah : arang sekam (2:1), P5 = Tanah : kompos : kokopit (2:1:1), P6 = Tanah : kompos : pupuk kandang kambing (2:1:1), P7 = Tanah : kompos : arang sekam (2:1:1), P8 = Tanah : kokopit : pupuk kandang kambing (2:1:1), P9 = Tanah : kokopit : arang sekam (2:1:1), dan P10 = Tanah : pupuk kandang kambing : arang sekam (2:1:1). Perlakuan setelah pindah tanam yaitu B0 = Benih dari perlakuan semai P0, B1 = Benih dari perlakuan semai P1, B2 = Benih dari perlakuan semai P2, B3 = Benih dari perlakuan semai P3, B4 = Benih dari perlakuan semai P4, B5ii = Benih dari perlakuan semai P5, B6 = Benih dari perlakuan semai P6, B7 = Benih dari perlakuan semai P7, B8 = Benih dari perlakuan semai P8, B9 = Benih dari perlakuan semai P9, dan B10 = Benih dari perlakuan semai P10. Pengamatan dilakukan pada seluruh perlakuan di setiap ulangan pada saat persemaian dan setelah pindah tanam. Adapun variabel pengamatan pada saat persemaian yaitu panjang tanaman (cm/tanaman), jumlah daun (helai/tanaman), diameter umbi benih (cm/tanaman) dan bobot segar per sampel (g/2m2). Variabel pengamatan setelah pindah tanam yaitu panjang tanaman (cm/rumpun), jumlah daun (helai/rumpun), diameter umbi (cm/rumpun), jumlah umbi (umbi/rumpun), bobot segar per sampel (g/rumpun), bobot segar per plot (g/2m2), bobot kering per sampel (g/rumpun) dan bobot kering per plot (g/2m2). Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) pada taraf 5%. Apabila hasil pengujian diperoleh perbedaan yang nyata pada perlakuan maka dilanjutkan dengan uji perbandingan antar perlakuan dengan menggunakan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi media persemaian berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah asal True Shallot Seed. Komposisi media persemaian berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel pengamatan panjang tanaman, diameter umbi dan bobot segar per sampel pada saat persemaian. Benih dari komposisi media persemaian berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter umbi, jumlah umbi, bobot segar per sampel, bobot segar per plot, bobot kering per sampel dan bobot kering per plot pada saat setelah pindah tanam. Pada saat persemaian komposisi media semai tanah : kokopit : pupuk kandang kambing (P8) dan media semai tanah : pupuk kandang kambing (P3) menghasilkan pertumbuhan benih yang baik. Setelah pindah tanam, benih dari media semai tanah : arang sekam (P4), benih dari media semai tanah : kokopit : pupuk kandang kambing (B8) dan benih dari media semai tanah : kokopit : arang sekam (B9) menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah yang baik jika dibandingkan dengan benih dari komposisi media semai tanah (B0). Hal ini dikarenakan komposisi media persemaian tersebut mampu meningkatkan panjang tanaman 4 11 cm, jumlah daun 1 2 helai, diameter umbi 0,15 0,8 cm, jumlah umbi 1 umbi/rumpun, bobot segar per sampel 1 10 g/rumpun, bobot segar per plot 270 280 g/m2, bobot kering per sampel 7 7,5 g/rumpun dan bobot kering per plot 240 251 g/m2.
English Abstract
Shallot is a plant that uses leaves and bulb. In Indonesia, shallots have problems with their productivity and quality. In general, shallot cultivation uses conventional bulbs as a source of seed. However, the quality of conventional bulb seeds is less guaranteed because it often carries disease pathogens which will result in a decrease in onion productivity yields (Pangestuti and Sulistyaningsih, 2011; Sumarni et al., 2012a). TSS (True Shallot Seed) is a red onion plant multiplication using seeds and is a potential technology alternative to developing high quality shallot seeds. However, the use of TSS has several disadvantages, namely the seeds must be planted first and the harvesting age is longer. Therefore, it is necessary to have a media nursery composition that supports germination and growth of onion seeds and has the potential to produce good growth and onion production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the media composition of a good nursery on the growth and production of shallots from True Shallot Seed. Whereas the proposed hypothesis is that there is a good media composition of seedlings on the growth and production of shallots from True Shallot Seed. This research was carried out in the trial area of Brawijaya Jatimulyo University, Lowokwaru sub-district, Malang city. The study was conducted from April to October 2017. The tools used in this study were, iron frame seedlings, shovels, hoes, watering devices, meters, bamboo, plywood, scales, buckets, labels, stationery and cameras. The materials used are TSS Tuk-tuk variety, transparent plastic fiber / gauze, black plastic, plastic bags, soil, cocopeat, compost, manure, husk charcoal and other supporting materials. The stages of this research activity are nursery, shade, maintenance, fertilization, land management, transplanting, stitching, pest and disease control, harvesting and drying. The research method used Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 11 treatments and 3 replications at the time of nursery and after transplanting. The treatment at the time of seeding is P0 = Soil, P1 = Soil: compost (2: 1), P2 = Soil: cocopeat (2: 1), P3 = Soil: manure (2: 1), P4 = Soil: husk charcoal ( 2: 1), P5 = Soil: compost: cocopeat (2: 1: 1), P6 = Soil: compost: manure (2: 1: 1), P7 = Soil: compost: husk charcoal (2: 1: 1 ), P8 = Land: cocopeat: manure (2: 1: 1), P9 = Soil: cocopeat: husk charcoal (2: 1: 1), and P10 = Soil: manure: husk charcoal (2: 1: 1 ) The treatment after transplanting is B0 = Seed from seedling treatment P0, B1 = Seed from seedling treatment P1, B2 = Seed from seedling treatment P2, B3 = Seed from seedling treatment P3, B4 = Seed from seedling treatment P4, B5 = Seed from treatment seedling P5, B6 = Seed from seedling treatment P6, B7 = Seed from seedling treatment P7, B8 = Seed from seedling treatment P8, B9 = Seed from seedling treatment P9, and B10 = Seed from seedling treatment P10. Observations were made on all treatments in each replication during the nursery and after transplanting. The observation variables at the time of nursery were plant length (cm/plant), number of leaves (strands/plant), bulb diameter (cm/plant) and fresh weight per sample (g/plant). Observation variables after transplantingiv were plant length (cm/clump), number of leaves (strands/clump), bulb diameter (cm/clump), number of bulbs (bulb/clump), fresh weight per sample (g/clump), fresh weight per plot (g/2m2), dry weight per sample (g/clump) and dry weight per plot (g/2m2). Observation data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis (F test) at 5% level. If the test results obtained significant differences in the treatment then proceed with the comparison test between treatments using Honest Real Difference (BNJ) at the level of 5%. The results showed that the composition of the media nursery significantly affected the growth and production of shallots from True Shallot Seed. The composition of the nursery media significantly affected the variables of plant length, bulb diameter and fresh weight per sample at the time of nursery. Seeds from the composition of nursery media significantly affected plant length, leaf number, bulb diameter, bulb number, fresh weight per sample, fresh weight per plot, dry weight per sample and dry weight per plot at the time after transplanting. At the time of seeding the media composition of soil seedlings: cocopeat: manure (P8) and media composition of soil seedlings: manure (P3) produces good seed growth. After transplanting, seeds from the media composition of soil seedlings: husk charcoal (B4), seeds from the media composition of soil seedlings: cocopeat: manure (B8) and seeds from the media composition of soil seedlings: cocopeat: charcoal chaff (B9) produces good onion growth and production when compared to seeds from the soil composition of soil seedlings (B0). This is because the composition of the media nursery is able to increase the plant length 4 - 11 cm, the number of leaves 1 - 2 bulb/clump, bulb diameter 0,15 0,8 cm, the number of bulbs 1 bulb, fresh weight per sample 1 - 10 g/clump, fresh weight per plot was 270 - 280 g/m2, dry weight per sample was 7 - 7.5 g/clump and dry weight per plot was 240 - 251 g/m2
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/922/051900292 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.2 Edible tubers and bulbs > 635.26 Alliaceous plants / Garlic |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Oct 2019 07:17 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 02:13 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/167020 |
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