Tarihoran, Masnidar (2018) Pengaruh Pupuk Kotoran Kambing Dan Waktu Aplikasi Pgpr (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum Frutescens L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) adalah salah satu tanaman hortikultura dari famili Solanaceae yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Menurut Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura (2011), potensi cabai rawit dapat mencapai 9 ton ha-1 sedangkan produktivitas cabai rawit tersebut baik pada skala Nasional maupun Regional Jawa Timur masih berada dibawah potensi hasil untuk cabai rawit yang berkisar 12-20 ton ha-1 (Sujitno dan Dianawati, 2015). Produksi di lapangan menunjukkan masih dibawah potensi hasil. Salah satu faktor yang sering dihadapi dalam budidaya cabai rawit adalah jenis tanah dan musim. Sehingga dalam hal ini pada jenis tanah Aluvial yang mengandung 63% pasir, 21% debu dan 16% liat perlu ditambahkan bahan organik yang berfungsi untuk memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah (struktur tanah), sifat kimia tanah (daya tukar kation dan serapan unsur hara) dan sifat biologi tanah (menambah jasad renik). Penggunaan pupuk kimia yang berlebihan akan mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas tanah (pH), pemadatan tanah dan berkurangnya bahan organik. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut upaya untuk meningkatkan bahan organik tanah, salah satunya dengan penambahan pupuk kotoran kambing. Pupuk kotoran kambing sebagai pupuk organik yang dapat menambah unsur hara juga dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik, sifat kimia, dan sifat biologi tanah. Selain itu, pemberian bahan organik juga dapat menjadi sumber makanan bagi bakteri, semakin tersedianya nutrisi bagi bakteri dalam PGPR maka bakteri tersebut akan sukses mengkloni bagian akar tanaman sehingga menguntungkan pertumbuhan tanaman (Widyati, 2013). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk kotoran kambing dan waktu aplikasi PGPR yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Hipotesis pada penelitian ini adalah mempelajari interaksi dosis pupuk 20 ton ha-1 kotoran kambing dan waktu aplikasi PGPR 3 kali terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.), waktu aplikasi PGPR 3 kali mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.), Pemberian pupuk 20 ton ha-1 mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Dusun Sawahan, Desa Payaman, Kecamatan Plemahan, Kabupaten Kediri Jawa Timur dengan ketinggian lebih kurang 200 meter diatas permukaan laut pada bulan Desember 2017 sampai dengan Maret 2018. Penelitian ini bersifat faktorial yang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor, yaitu dosis pupuk kotoran kambing dan waktu aplikasi PGPR. Dosis pupuk kotoran kambing terdiri atas 3 taraf, yaitu K0 = 0 ton ha -1, K1 = 10 ton ha -1 dan K2 = 20 ton ha-1. Waktu aplikasi PGPR terdiri atas 4 taraf, yaitu P0 = Tanpa PGPR, P1 = Saat tanam, P2 = Saat tanam dan 7 hari setelah tanam dan P3 = Saat tanam, 7 dan 14 hari setelah tanam. Pada rancangan tersebut didapat 12 perlakuan kombinasi. Perlakuan kombinasi dari kedua faktorii tersebut diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga terdapat 36 petak percobaan dari 3 petak perlakuan kontrol. Parameter pengamatan non destruktif meliputi rata-rata tinggi tanaman, rata-rata jumlah daun, rata-rata jumlah cabang produktif per tanaman dan jumlah bunga total per tanaman, dan persentase fruit set. Variabel pengamatan hasil meliputi : total jumlah buah per tanaman (buah), total bobot segar buah per tanaman, berat segar buah cabai rawit (g/1,76 m2) dan hasil per hektar. Data yang didapatkan selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Apabila terjadi pengaruh nyata pada perlakuan maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan menggunakan BNT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara perlakuan dosis pupuk kotoran kambing dan waktu aplikasi PGPR pada parameter jumlah bunga total per tanaman, persentase fruit set, total bobot buah per tanaman, berat segar buah cabai rawit (g/1,76 m2) dan hasil per hektar (ton ha-1). Total bobot buah per tanaman, berat segar buah cabai rawit (g/1,76 m2) dan hasil per hektar (ton ha-1) yang lebih tinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan kombinasi dosis pupup kotoran kambing K2 (20 ton ha-1) pada waktu aplikasi PGPR P3 (saat tanam, 7, 14 hst). Kombinasi perlakuan pupuk kotoran kambing K2 (20 ton ha-1) menghasilkan rerata yang baik dengan waktu aplikasi PGPR P3 (saat tanam, 7, 14 hst). Dosis pupuk kotoran kambing berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang produktif per tanaman. Perlakuan dosis pupuk kotoran kambing 20 ton ha-1 memiliki hasil yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Waktu aplikasi PGPR berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah cabang produktif. Perlakuan waktu aplikasi PGPR P3 (saat tanam, 7, 14 hst) memiliki hasil yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya
English Abstract
The chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is one of the horticultural crops of the Solanaceae family that has high economic value. According to the Directorate General of Horticulture (2011), the potential of chili pepper can reach 9 ton ha-1. The productivity of chili pepper is good at both National and Regional levels of East Java. There are still below the potential yield for chili pepper ranging from 12-20 tons ha-1 (Sujitno and Dianawati, 2015). Production in the field shows that it is still below the yield potential. One factor that is often faced in the cultivation of chili pepper is the type of soil and season. Therefore in that case the type of alluvial soil which contains 63% sand, 21% dust, and 16% clay require to be added organic matter. The organic matter has function to improve the physical (structure), chemical (cation exchange capacity and nutrient uptake), and biological properties (increasing microorganism services). The continuously of chemical fertilizers application will decreased soil quality (decrease of pH), soil structure, and reduced soil organic matter and affect to plant growth. Under these conditions efforts to increase soil organic matter, one of them with the addition of goat manure. Goat manure as an organic fertilizer that can add nutrients can also improve physical properties, chemical properties, and soil biological properties. In addition, the provision of organic ingredients can also be a source of food for bacteria, the more available nutrients for bacteria in PGPR, the bacteria will successfully clone parts of the roots of plants so that they benefit plant growth (Widyati, 2013). The aim of this research is to determine the effect of goat manure dosage and the time application of PGPR which are appropriate for growth and increases yield of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The hypothesis of this research is the research studied an interaction of fertilizer dosage of 20 tons ha-1 goat manure and 3 times PGPR application increases growth and yield chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), The application of PGPR 3 times increase growth and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), Applying goat manure fertilizer 20 ton ha-1 able to increase growth and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The research has been conducted at Dusun Sawahan, Payaman Village, Plemahan sub-district, Kediri East Java on altitude of approximately 200 m above sea level, from December 2017 until March 2018. The experiment used Factorial Randomized Block Design with two replication, ie dosage of goat manure and time application of PGPR. The dose of goat manure consists of 3 levels, namely K0 = 0 tons ha-1, K2 = 10 tons ha-1 and K2 = 20 tons ha-1. The time of PGPR aplication consists of 4 levels, namely P0 = without PGPR, P1 = at planting time, P2 = at planting time and 7 dap, P3 = at planting time, 7 and 14 dap. In the design obtained 12 treatment combinations. The combinatined treatment of these two factors was repeated 3 times so that there were 36 trial plots from 3 control plots. The observation parameter non destructive are average of plant height, average number of leaves, average productive branches per plant and total number ofiv flowers per plant and percentage of fruit set (%). While the parameter of yiled are : total number of fruits per plant (fruit), total weight of fruits per plant (g), fresh weight of chili pepper (g/1,76 m2), and yield per hectare (tons). The data obtained then analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If there is a significant on the treatment then analyzed or performed by further tests using LSD (Least Significant Difference) at 5% level. The result research shows that are there a interaction between goat manure dosage and time application of PGPR on parameter of total number of flower per plant, percentage of fruit set, total fruit weight per plant, fresh weight of chili pepper (g/1,76 m2) and yield per hectare (tons ha-1). Total fruit weight per plant, fresh weight of chili pepper (g/1,76 m2) and yield per hectare (tons ha-1) were higher in the treatment of K2 goat manure fertilizer combination (20 tons ha-1) at the time application PGPR P3 (at planting, 7, 14 dap). The combination of K2 goat manure dosage (20 tons ha-1) producted a good average with time application of PGPR P3 (at planting, 7, 14 dap). The dose of goat manure has a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of productive branches per plant. The treatment of goat manure dosage of 20 tons ha-1 has a higher yield than other treatments. When the PGPR application has significant effect on the number of productive branches. The time treatment for PGPR P3 application (at planting, 7, 14 dap) has a higher yield than other treatment.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/879/051811409 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pupuk Organik, Kotoran Kambing, Pertumbuhan, Hasil Tanaman Cabai Rawit |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.8 Fertilizers, soil conditioners, growth regulators > 631.86 Organic fertilizers |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Dec 2018 02:57 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 00:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/161935 |
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