Indahsari, Kurniyati (2013) Perilaku Pengambilan Keputusan Individu Muslim dalam Menunaikan Zakat, Infak, Shadaqah, dan Wakaf (ZISWA) melalui Lembaga Amil (Studi di Kabupaten Bangkalan – Madura). Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan. Pertama, untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan individu (faktor demografi, ekonomi, kereligiusan dan sifat pribadi), faktor psikologi (niat dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya), dan faktor eksternal (modal sosial dan faktor organisasi) terhadap perilaku pengambilan keputusan individu muslim dalam menunaikan ZISWAnya melalui amil. Kedua, untuk mengetahui preferensi penunai ZISWA terhadap praktek pengelolaan (pengumpulan, alokasi dan distribusi, serta tata kelola) dana oleh amil. Penelitian menggunakan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui dua tahap survei terhadap 117 individu muslim penunai ZISWA. Model persamaan struktural dengan pendekatan partial least square digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian pertama. Sementara itu, analisis statistik deskriptif, korelasi dan uji beda digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian kedua. Penelitian menemukan (1) masyarakat cenderung berderma secara tradisional dan berpemahaman yang terbatas tentang ZISWA; (2) rendahnya pengetahuan/keyakinan terhadap amil dan kapasitas amil; ( 3 ) Individu yang cenderung menunaikan ZISWAnya melalui amil adalah yang tinggal di perkotaan, berumur, berpendidikan dan memiliki tingkat kepercayaan, pengetahuan dan keyakinan/sikap terhadap amil yang lebih tinggi daripada mereka yang menunaikan langsung ke penerima; (4) Dominasi pengaruh tingkat kepercayaan dan pandangan terhadap amil (faktor eksternal) melalui sikap dan niat terhadap perilaku penunaian ZISWA; ( 5 ) preferensi muslim yang kurang mendukung realisasi ZISWA sebagai instrumen pengentasan kemiskinan; (6) pentingnya keterlibatan pihak yang dipercaya masyarakat dalam pengelolaan ZISWA oleh amil; dan ( 7 ) saat individu muslim mau menyalurkan ZISWAnya melalui amil, mereka cenderung benar-benar memanfaatkan jasa amil. Hasil penelitian memberikan bukti empiris dukungan dan pengembangan model perilaku kognitif, khususnya pentingnya kepercayaan ( trust ) dan pengetahuan /keyakinan terhadap amil dalam mempengaruhi perilaku. Karenanya di saran kan agar Amil mencoba mengubah perilaku, niat, sikap individu muslim dengan (1) stimulus positif tentang penunaian ZISWA yang sebenarnya, peran dan keberadaan amil; (2) menumbuhkan kepercayaan individu muslim terhadap amil dengan bukti nyata dan pelibatan pihak yang dipercaya masyarakat dalam pengelolaan ZISWA ; serta (3) meyakinkan individu muslim agar mau mencoba menggunakan jasa mereka . Disarankan pula (4) perlunya dukungan pemerintah dalam pemberian stimulus positif dan pertimbangan merevisi UU No. 23/2011 ke arah yang lebih
English Abstract
The research has two aims. First is to identify the effects of individual differences (demographical, economic, religiosity, and personality factors), psychological (intention and its determinants) and external factors (social capital and organizational factors) toward individual Muslim decision behavior in accomplishing her/his ZISWA through Amil Institution. Second is to identify individual Muslim preferences toward ZISWA management (fundraising, allocation and distribution as well as organization governance) by Amil . This research used primary data which were collected through two stages surveys toward 117 ZISWA payers. Structural equation model with partial least square method was used to reach the first research aim. Meanwhile, descriptive statistics analysis, correlation and differences test were used to reach the second research aim. Research finds (1) that Muslims tend to perform traditional charities and have limited understanding about ZISWA; (2) the low beliefs in and capacity of Amil; (3) that characteristics of individual muslim who tends to accomplish his/her ZISWA through amil are located in urban areas, old, well educated, and having high trust, beliefs in, and positive attitudes toward amil; (4) the dominant influence of beliefs and trust in Amil toward individual behavior through her/his attitudes and intention to accomplish ZISWA through amil; (5) Muslim`s preferences don`t support the realization of ZISWA as poverty alleviation instruments; (6) that it is important to involve trusted community organization in ZISWA management; and (7) when Muslims have been accomplished their ZISWA through amil, they tend to benefit amil`s services. The findings provide empirical evidence for the extent of the cognitive model of individual/consumer behavior, particularly the importance of trust and beliefs in amil in affecting attitude, intention and the decision to accomplish ZISWA through Amil . The implications are the suggestions for Amil to (1) provide positive stimulus to individual Muslim through socialization on modern philanthropic as well as Amil`s role and services; (2) provide evidences as a trusted institution and involve trusted community organisation in ZISWA management; (3) convince individual Muslim to try using amil`s services. It is also suggested (4) the need of government support in providing positive stimulus to individual Muslim and legal support for the amil development; and (5) that amil should target prospective donors who are located in urban areas, old and well educated.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DES/297.54/IND/p/061307525 |
| Subjects: | 200 Religion > 297 Islam, Babism, Bahai Faith > 297.5 Islamic ethics and religious experience, life, practice |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Ekonomi, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 05 May 2014 15:40 |
| Last Modified: | 05 May 2014 15:40 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/160682 |
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