Setiawan, Cynthia (2013) Studi Komparasi Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi Soxhletasi dan Microwave-Assisted Extraction terhadap Antioksidan Daun Jati (Tectona grandis). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Daun Jati ( Tectona grandis ) merupakan daun dari pohon tropis yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia. Diketahui daun Jati mengandung senyawa-senyawa fenolat yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen antioksidan alami. Aplikasi metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektifitas ekstraksi antioksidan daun Jati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) membandingkan efektifitas dan efisiensi metode ekstraksi antioksidan daun Jati (soxhletasi dan MAE), serta (2) mengkarakterisasi dan mengidentifikasi senyawa antioksidan ekstrak daun Jati. Penelitian I menggunakan randomized block design dengan satu faktor, yaitu metode ekstraksi (soxhletasi dan MAE), dan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Pada tahap I, ekstrak daun jati diuji menggunakan metode total fenol metode Folin-Ciocalteau , DPPH, FRAP, dan H2O2 radical scavenging . Perhitungan indeks efektifitas de Garmo digunakan untuk menentukan metode ekstraksi daun Jati terbaik. Penelitian II menggunakan metode deskriptif. Pada tahap II, ekstrak hasil perlakuan terbaik tahap I diidentifikasi menggunakan TLC dan FTIR. Penelitian I menunjukkan bahwa MAE memberikan aktivitas antioksidan lebih tinggi dibanding soxhletasi. Kuersitin telah diisolasi dari ekstrak daun Jati dan dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu senyawa antioksidan daun Jati. Penelitian II menunjukkan bahwa MAE dan soxhletasi dapat mengekstrak kuersitin, konsentrasinya pada soxhletasi lebih rendah dibanding pada MAE. Panas iradiatif gelombang mikro membantu transfer massa senyawa fenol daun jati menuju pelarut sesuai polaritasnya. Inaktifasi polifenoloksidase daun Jati terjadi secara simultan dengan perusakan sel daun jati. Transfer massa soxhletasi difasilitasi oleh difusi pelarut ke sel pada permukaan daun Jati. Panas membantu memperlebar natural openings daun Jati. Perusakan sel tidak dapat terjadi secara menyeluruh pada daun Jati. Hidrolisis enzimatis senyawa fenol dimungkinkan terjadi selama soxhletasi. Hasil pengujian ekstrak perlakuan terbaik adalah sebagai berikut. Kadar totak fenol ekstrak adalah 858,111±6,834 μg GAE/ml ekstrak. Aktivitas pengikatan radikal DPPH ekstrak dan radikal H2O2 berturut-turut sebesar 10,614±0,242 μ g TE/ml ekstrak dan 55,207±3,607 μg AAE/ml ekstrak. Aktivitas donasi elektron sebesar 50,251±0,606 μg AAE/ml ekstrak. Nilai Rf isolat metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis adalah 0,8 (Kuersitin). Serapan maksimum terhadap infra merah oleh kuersitin terjadi pada frekuensi 3448,72 cm −1 (O-H); 1666,49 cm −1 (C=O); 1635,64 cm −1 (C=C); 1388,75 cm −1 (C-OH); 1236,37 cm −1 (C-O-C). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) menghasilkan ekstrak daun Jati dengan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dibanding metode soxhletasi. Kandungan antioksidan perlakuan MAE lebih tinggi dibanding soxhletasi. Kuersitin merupakan senyawa antioksidan dalam ekstrak daun jati yang teridentifikasi oleh KLT dan FTIR. Oleh karena itu, daun Jati memiliki potensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami.
English Abstract
Teak leaves (Tectona grandis) are from tropical trees that commonly grow in Indonesia. It has been known that Teak leaves contain phenolic compounds that have potential to become a natural antioxidant agent. The application of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method was expected to increase the effiency and affectivity of antioxidant extraction from Teak leaves. The aims of this experiment were (1) comparing the effiency and affectivity of antioxidant extraction method from Teak leaves (soxhletation and MAE), and (2) characterizing and identification of antioxidant compound of Teak leaves extract. Experiment I has been conducted by using randomized block design with one factor i.e. extraction method (soxhletation and Microwave-Assisted Extraction/MAE) with three replications. In experiment, I, the antioxidant of Teak leaves extracts activity has been tested using phenolic content Folin-Ciocalteau method assay, DPPH assay, FRAP assay, and H2O2 radical scavenging assay. Index of Effectiveness calculation by de Garmo method has been used to determine the best Teak leaves extraction method. Descriptive analyzes has been used in experiment II for the indentification and charatherization by using TLC and FTIR. Experiment I showed that MAE gave higher of Teak leaves antioxidant activity compared to soxhletation. Quercetin has been isolated from Teak leaves extract and considered as one of Teak leaves antioxidant compound. Experiment II showed that MAE could extract quercetin as well as soxhletation, yet the concentration of quercitin extracted by soxhletation was lower that MAE did. Microwave irradiative heat facilitates the mass transfer of Teak leaves phenolic compounds into solvent according to its polarity. Polyphenoloxidase inactivation simultaneously happens with rupture of cells. In contrary, the mass transfer of soxhletation is facilitated by solvent diffusion into surface cells. Heat helps widen the natural opening of cells.The rupture cannot be done thoroughly. Enzymatic hydrolysis of phenolic compound propably occurs during soxhletation. Extract examination results of best treatment are following.Total phenolic content is 858,111±6,834 μg GAE/ml extract. DPPH radical and H2O2 radical scavenging activity respectively are 10,614±0,242 μ g TE/ml extract and 55,207±3,607 μ g AAE/ml extract. Electron donating activity (FRAP assay) is 50,251±0,606 μg AAE/ml extract. Rf value of isolated compound (by TLC method) is 0,8 (quercitine). Quercitine maximum absorption of IR occurs on frequencies are 3448,72 cm −1 (O-H); 1666,49 cm −1 (C=O); 1635,64 cm −1 (C=C); 1388,75 cm −1 (C-OH); 1236,37 cm −1 (C-O-C). The conclusion of this study is MAE yields higher activity of Teak leaves extract antioxidant properties than soxhletation method. The concentration of antioxidant extracted by MAE is higher than by soxhletation. Quercitine is antioxidant compound of Teak leaves that indentified by TLC and FTIR. Therefore, Teak leaves is promising source of natural antioxidant.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/583.96/SET/s/041308677 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 583 Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) > 583.9 Asteridae |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Feb 2014 09:25 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Feb 2014 09:25 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/157801 |
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