Wardani, Novita Kusuma (2012) Forest Related Policy and Climate Change Mitigation in Indonesia (A Case Study in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Perubahan iklim adalah ancaman global. Risiko perubahan iklim berkisar dari peningkatan permukaan laut hingga kelangkaan pangan. Indonesia rentan terhadap risiko perubahan iklim, dan juga bertanggung jawab atas sekitar 1,5% dari emisi Global Greenhouse Gas (GRK). Ini bahkan telah menjadi salah satu dari 5 negara emitor teratas yang berkontribusi pada emisi global dari deforestasi. Mengakui risiko perubahan iklim serta peran yang dimainkan negara dalam perubahan iklim global, Pemerintah Indonesia (Pemerintah) berkomitmen untuk mengurangi emisinya sebesar 26% pada tahun 2020, dan dengan bantuan internasional, target meningkat menjadi 41%. Hutan Indonesia memainkan peran penting sebagai wastafel karbon. Program Pengembangan PBB (UNDP) (2007) melaporkan bahwa 6 miliar metrik ton karbon disimpan di hutan Indonesia. Namun, tingkat deforestasi yang tinggi menyebabkan negara kehilangan 2,8 ha di kawasan hutan setiap tahun dari tahun 1998 hingga 2000.Alforestation bahkan terjadi di kawasan konservasi yang dilindungi. Pada periode 2008-2011, deforestasi di kawasan konservasi diperkirakan 4 402,46 ha per tahun (MOF, 2011). Untuk merehabilitasi kawasan terdegradasi, Kementerian Kehutanan memperkenalkan kebijakan rehabilitasi, yang juga berlaku untuk kawasan konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan tentang mitigasi perubahan iklim di sektor kehutanan, terutama berkaitan dengan implementasi proyek-proyek reboisasi di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (BTSNP). Untuk memahami latar belakang mekanisme pengembangan bersih aforestasi / reboisasi (A / R CDM) di BTSNP dan memeriksa kemungkinan reboisasi di daerah tersebut, analisis historis deforestasi di Indonesia adalah penting. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sementara deforestasi di Indonesia umumnya disebabkan oleh masalah kelembagaan yang dihasilkan dari kebijakan terkait hutan yang tidak tepat, di BTSNP, deforestasi terutama terjadi di Tengger Highland karena kebijakan pembangunan yang menghasilkan keputusan penggunaan lahan hutan yang tidak tepat di masa lalu, terutama selama pekerjaan Belanda dan Jepang. Selain itu, masalah kelembagaan seperti perubahan peraturan, perbatasan tidak jelas antara kawasan hutan, dan kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik seperti kemiskinan dan perubahan rezim politik memperburuk sejauh mana deforestasi di Tengger Highland. Di antara tiga proyek reboisasi yang telah dilaksanakan di Tengger Highland, proyek revitalisasi ekosistem (ERP) dan proyek percontohan A / R CDM telah berhasil memindahkan beberapa daerah di Tengger Highland, BTSNP, sedangkan Gerakan Nasional Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan ( Gerakan Rehabilitasi Hutan Dan Lahan / Gerhan) Gagal mem-reboris di daerah tersebut. Ada 5 variabel penting yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan atau kegagalan proyek reboisasi di BTSNP yang disebut `5 c protokol`. Mereka adalah puas, konteks, komitmen, kapasitas, dan klien & koalisi.
English Abstract
Climate change is a global threat. The risks of climate change range from an increase in sea level to food scarcity. Indonesia is vulnerable to the risk of climate change, and is also responsible for about 1.5% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; it has even become one of 5 top emitter countries that contribute to global emissions from deforestation. Acknowledging climate change risk as well as the role that the country plays in global climate change, the Government of Indonesia (GOI) committed to reduce its emissions by 26% by 2020, and with international assistance, the target is increased to 41%. Indonesian forests play an important role as a carbon sink. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2007) reported that 6 billion metric tons of carbon is stored in Indonesia`s forests. However, high rates of deforestation caused the country to lose 2.8 ha of forest area annually from 1998 to 2000.Deforestation even occurs in protected conservation areas. In the 2008–2011 period, deforestation in conservation areas was estimated to be 4 402.46 ha per year (MoF, 2011). In order to rehabilitate degraded areas, the Ministry of Forestry introduced a rehabilitation policy, which also applies to conservation areas. This study aims to analyze policies on climate change mitigation in the forestry sector, especially with regards to the implementation of reforestation projects in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP). In order to understand the background of the Afforestation/Reforestation Clean Development Mechanism (A/R CDM) in BTSNP and examine the possibility of reforestation in the area, historical analysis of deforestation in Indonesia is important. The results of this study show that while deforestation in Indonesia is generally caused by institutional problems resulting from inappropriate forest related policies, in BTSNP, deforestation mainly occurred in Tengger Highland owing to development policies that resulted in inappropriate forest land use decisions in the past, especially during Dutch and Japanese occupation. In addition, institutional problems such as changing regulations, unclear borders between forest areas, and social, economic, and political conditions such as poverty and changing political regimes exacerbated the extent of deforestation in Tengger Highland. Among three reforestation projects that have been implemented in Tengger Highland, the Ecosystem Revitalization Project (ERP) and the A/R CDM pilot project have been successful in reforesting some areas in Tengger Highland, BTSNP, while the National Movement on Forest and Land Rehabilitation (Gerakan Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan/GERHAN) failed to reforest the area. There are 5 critical variables which affect the success or failure of reforestation projects in BTSNP called the ‘5 C Protocol`. They are content, context, commitment, capacity, and clients & coalitions.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/354.55/WAR/f/041204693 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 354 Public administration of economy and environment > 354.5 Public administration of agriculture |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Dec 2012 14:37 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Mar 2022 08:50 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/157027 |
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