Manurung, Ikhlal Zupri (2015) Pengaruh Konsentrasi Penambahan EM4 dan Lama Waktu Fermentasi pada Kemampuan Bio-Ekstrak dari POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) Sebagai Bio-Fungisida Terhadap Pengendalian Jamur Ganoderma boninense. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Perkembangan perkebunan dari sektor kelapa sawit di Indonesia dalam 10 tahun terakhir sangat pesat. Pada tahun 2013-2014 laju pertumbuhan luas area mencapai 4,69%. Upaya dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan produktivitas kelapa sawit menghadapi kendala yaitu penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Ganoderma boninense. Serangan jamur ini dapat mengakibatkan kematian 1-2% populasi. Fungisida kimia sering digunakan sebagai pengendali penyakit BPB karena dianggap lebih efektif dan efisien. Penggunaan fungisida dalam jangka panjang dapat merusak kondisi tanah dan meninggalkan residu yang berbahaya. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya pengendalian secara alami. Pemanfaatan POME menjadi bioekstrak sebagai biofungisida merupakan salah satu alternatif pengendalian secara alami terhadap Ganoderma boninense. Pembuatan bio-ekstrak menggunakan bahan baku POME, dilakukan dengan penambahan air, molase dan EM4 dan kemudian difermentasi. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan 2 faktor, yaitu faktor banyaknya konsentrasi penambahan EM4 yang terdiri dari 3 level (0,5% v/v; 1,5% v/v; 2,5% v/v) dan lama fermentasi yang terdiri dari 3 level (24; 48; 72 jam), dengan 3 kali pengulangan pada masing-masing perlakuan. Parameter data yang diukur adalah pH, DO (Dissolved oxygen), total bakteri, total jamur dan daya hambat bio-ekstrak POME terhadap pertumbuhan Ganoderma boninense. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan ANOVA untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari setiap perlakuan. Hasil uji yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh maka dilanjutkan analisa DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) dengan selang kepercayaan 5%. Pengujian efektivitas kemampuan bio-ekstrak POME terhadap pengendalian jamur Ganoderma boninense ditunjukkan oleh persentasi daya hambat yang dihasilkan. Hasil uji daya hambat bio-ekstrak POME menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing faktor lama fermentasi dan penambahan EM4 serta interaksi keduanya berpengaruh terhadap persentase daya hambat yang diperoleh. Bio-ekstrak POME terbaik dihasilkan dari kombinasi perlakuan lama fermentasi 48 jam dengan penambahan EM4 1,5% (v/v) (T2E3 ) dengan persentase daya hambat mencapai 84,57%. Karakteristik kimia dan biologis pada perlakuan T2E3 dijelaskan oleh parameter pH 4,85; DO 7.072 mg/L; total log bakteri 8,71 atau 5,22 x 108 CFU/ml; dan total log jamur 4,18 atau 1,56 x 104 CFU/ml.
English Abstract
The development of palm oil plantation sector in Indonesia at the last 10 years are very rapid. In 2013 – 2014, it’s growth rate area reached 4.69%. Efforts in maintaining and improving the productivity of oil palm face constraints that Basal stem rot (BSR) caused by fungus Ganoderma boninense.. This fungus attack can cause the mortality to palm oil trees, at least 1-2% of the population. The Chemical fungicides usage is oftenly used as a control way because it is considered more effective and efficient than other way. The use of fungicides in the long term can damage soil and will leave dangerous residue. Therefore, it is need to find a natural control without causing a negative effect to environment. The utilization of POME into bio-extracts as a fungicide is one of alternative naturally controller against Ganoderma boninense. Bio-extracts processing with POME as raw materials, was done by addition of water, molasses and EM4, then was fermented. The experimental design was used in this research was randomized block design factorial with two factors, those were the concentration of EM4 addition consisted of 4 levels (0%, 0.5%; 1.5%; 2.5% (v / v)) and fermentation time consisted of 3 levels (24; 48; 72 hours), with 3 repetitions for each treatment. Parameter of data was measured were pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total of bacteria, total of fungi and effectiveness of inhibition on Ganoderma boninense growth. Datas were analysed with ANOVA to determine the effect of each treatment. The results that showed the presence of influence then will be analysed by DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) with 5% of credence interval. Ability assay of bio-extract POME to control Ganoderma xi boninense was pointed by inhibition percentage. The result showed that each factor, that was fermentation time and the concentration of EM4 addition and also their interaction effect on the percentage of inhibition ability. The best POME based- bioextracts was gained by combination treatment of 48 hours fermentation time and 1.5% (v/v) of concentration of EM4 addition with inhibition ability reached up to 84.57%. The chemical and biological characterization of that best POME based-bioextracts was then explained by 4.80 of pH; and dissolved oxygen (DO) in amount of 3.25 mg/L; 4,13x108 CFU / ml of bacterial population and 6,06x104 CFU / ml of fungal population.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2015/306/051508595 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | daya hambat, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, , total bakteri, total jamur,-inhibition ability, dissolved oxygen, pH, bacterial population, fungal population |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Dec 2015 08:05 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Nov 2021 07:34 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/150209 |
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