Anoraga, Putri Hella (2015) Pengaruh Variasi Waktu dan Jumlah Katalis Basa pada Proses Transesterifikasi Lemak Ayam By Product Departemen EMP (Extract Meat Powder) PT Ajinomoto Indonesia menjadi Bahan Bakar Alternatif Biodiesel. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya populasi penduduk dan perkembangan teknologi industri serta transportasi. Hal ini jelas tidak sebanding dengan ketersediaan minyak bumi yang terbatas dan bersifat tidak dapat diperbaruhi. Biodiesel adalah salah satu jenis bahan bakar yang terbarukan (renewable). Lemak ayam (chicken fat) dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel. Ekstraksi ayam pada Department EMP (Extract Meat Powder) PT Ajinomoto diketahui menghasilkan limbah by product berupa minyak dengan FFA (Free Fatty Acid) yang terkandung sebesar 4,35% sehingga, dapat dimanfaatkan untuk bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel melalui 2 tahap konversi yaitu esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi jumlah katalis (b/b%) dan waktu pada proses transesterifikasi terhadap mutu biodiesel dari lemak ayam berdasakan viskositas kinematik, densitas, titik nyala dan titik tuangnya, mengetahui pengaruh kedua perlakuan terhadap yield biodiesel dari limbah lemak ayam serta mengetahui mutu biodiesel berbahan baku lemak ayam hasil terbaik sesuai syarat mutu biodiesel SNI. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental di laboratorium menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor pada proses transesterifikasi yaitu waktu (W) (30 menit, 60 menit, 90 menit, dan 120 menit) dan jumlah katalis basa KOH (b/b%) (K) (0,5%; 1% dan 1,5%). Parameter yang diamati selama penelitian ini adalah perubahan FFA (free fatty acid) setelah proses esterifikasi, uji nilai viskositas kinematik, densitas, titik nyala, titik tuang dan yield dari biodiesel. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) program SPSS 16.0 dan perlakuan terbaiknya ditentukan menggunakan metode indeks efektivitas. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan karakteristik biodiesel (viskositas kinematik, densitas, pour point dan flash point) yang sesuai dengan standar mutu SNI. Nilai yield dengan penambahan katalis 1% dan 1,5% selama waktu perlakuan menunjukkan hasil yang meningkat, sedangkan dengan penambahan katalis 2% pada waktu yang sama mengalami penurunan. Penambahan katalis 1,5% pada lama waktu 30 menit dengan karakteristik biodiesel viskositas kinematik 4,707 mm2/s, densitas 0,8795 gr/cm3, yield 79,4% (v/v), pour point 1,5 ºC dan flash point 174,5 ºC merupakan hasil perlakuan terbaik penelitian ini.
English Abstract
Fuel needs increases with population and development of industrial technology and transportation systems. It is certainly not equal to the limited availability of fossil fuels that are nonrenewable resources. Biodiesel is one type of several alternative and renewable fuels. Chicken fat can be used as raw material for biodiesel production. Chicken extraction from Department of EMP (Extract Meat Powder) PT. Ajinomoto Indonesia produce by-product in the form of oil with 4,35% FFA. However, chicken fat was utilized for biodiesel production through two stages of conversion known as esterification and transesterification. This study aims to determine the effect of varying the amount of catalysts (w/w%) and variation of time in the process of transesterification, This study determines the effect of two treatments and the best result on produce the yield of biodiesel and quality of biodiesel according to biodiesel quality requirements of SNI (National Standardization) from chicken fat based on characteristics of biodiesel (kinematic viscosity, density, flash point and pour point). This study was conducted by using experimental Completely Randomized Design in the scale of laboratory with two factors in transesterification process including variation of time (W) (30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes) and amount of base catalysts KOH (b/b%) (K) (0,5%; 1% and x 1,5%). Those parameters were investigated in this study including changes in the free fatty acids after esterification, evaluation of kinematic viscosity, density, flash point, pour point, and yield of biodiesel. In this study, experimental data was analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) program SPSS 16.0 and the best result was determined by using effectiveness index method. The results showed that the characteristics of biodiesel (kinematic viscosity, density, pour point, and flash point) conform to quality standards of SNI (National Standardization). The yield of biodiesel has increased with addition of 1% and 1,5% catalysts during the treatment periods, whereas with the addition of 2% catalyst at the same time decreased. The best result of this study was obtained in addition of the 1.5% catalyst at 30 minutes with the characteristics of biodiesel kinematic viscosity 4,707 mm2/s, density of 0,8795 g/cm3, yield 79,4% (v/v), pour point of 1,5°C and a flash point of 174,5 ºC
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2015/301/051508590 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biodiesel, Katalis, Lemak ayam (chicken fat), Transesterifikasi, Waktu, Yield.,-Biodiesel, Catalyst, Chicken fat, Transesterification, Time, Yield. |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Keteknikan Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Dec 2015 12:46 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Nov 2021 05:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/150204 |
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