Penanganan Pasca Panen Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guinensis Jacq) (Kajian Penyemprotan Dengan Kalsium Klorida Dan Kalium Sorbat Terhadap Mutu Crude Palmoil (Cpo))

Alfiah, Cahya (2014) Penanganan Pasca Panen Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guinensis Jacq) (Kajian Penyemprotan Dengan Kalsium Klorida Dan Kalium Sorbat Terhadap Mutu Crude Palmoil (Cpo)). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guinensis jacq) merupakan komoditi yang ketersediannya sangat banyakdi Indonesia. Penyebaran hampir menyeluruh di pulau Kalimantan, Sumatra dan Irian Jaya. Menurut Badan Pusat Statistika (BPS) pada tahun 2011 luas area kelapa sawit Indonesia mencapai 8,91 juta ha. Kelapa sawit pasca panen mudah mengalami kerusakan akibat benturan saat pemanen, pengangkutan dan juga penundaan proses produksi yang terlalu lama, hal tersebut berdampak terhadap mutu Crude Palm Oil (CPO) yang dihasilkan. Kerusakan yang terjadi pada buah kelapa sawit mempercepat proses hidrolisa lemak yang menyebabkan kenaikan kadarAsam Lemak Bebas (ALB). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan proses penghambatan hidrolisa lemak pada buah kelapa sawit sehingga peningkatan kadar ALB dapat diminimalisir, salah satunya dengan menggunakan Kalsium Klorida dan Potasium Sorbat. Tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kalsium Klorida dan Kalium Sorbat serta interaksi antara kedua bahan tersebut terhadap mutuCPO. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor yaitu faktor pertama konsentrasi Kalsium Klorida yang terdiri dari 3 level yaitu 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm dan 3000 ppmsedangkan faktor kedua adalahkonsentrasi Kalium Sorbat yang terdiri dari 3 level yaitu 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm dan 3000 ppmsehingga didapatkan 9 kombinasi perlakuan, yang masing-masing dilakukan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis ragam (Analysis of variant atau ANOVA) dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut BNT atau DMRT dengan selang kepercayaan 5 %. Parameter yang diamati setelah penanganan pasca panen (penyemprotan) yaitu kadarALB, kadar air, kadar kotoran, Rendemen dan berat jenis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kalsium Klorida dan Kalium Sorbat dapat menghambat proses hidrolisa lemak.Kalsium Klorida berpengaruh nyata (α = 0.05 ) terhadap kadar ALB, kadar air dan kadar kotoran, sedangkan Kalium Sorbat berpengaruh nyata (α = 0.05) terhadap kadar ALBdan kadar kotoran, serta tidak ada interaksi antara kedua bahan tersebut.Semakin tinggi konsentrasi Kalsium Klorida dan Kalium Sorbat maka proses penghambatan hidrolisa lemak semakin tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanperlakuan konsentrasi Kalsium Klorida dan 3000 ppm dan Kalium Sorbat 3000 ppm (K3P3) menunjukkan kadar ALB paling rendah yaitu antara 0,5420%- 0,5242%.

English Abstract

Palms (Elaeis jacq guinensis) are the mostcommodity in Indonesia. They most spread on islands of Borneo, Sumatra and Irian Jaya. According to the Central Statistics Agency (CSA) in 2011 Indonesesia palm areas reach 8,91 million hectares. Post-harvest of palm fruits can be damage easily due to impact when harvesting, transporting and also delaying the too long production , it can effect the quality of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production. The damage of the palm fruits will speed up the fat hydrolysis process which causes the increasing of Free Fatty Acid levels (FFA). Therefore, its required an inhibitation process of fat hydrolysis on palm fruits so the increasing of FFA levels can be minimized, one of them by using Calcium Chloride and potassium Sorbate. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of Calcium Chloride and potassium Sorbat, as well as the interaction between the two materials on the quality of CPO. The method used in this research was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors, namely, the first was calcium chloride concentration which of 3 levels, they were 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 3000 ppm. The second was Potassium Sorbate Concentration which of 3 levels,they were 1000 ppm,2000 ppm,3000 ppm.It was obtained 9 combinations treatments, each of them done three times. The collected data were analyzed by using varieties of analysis methods (Analysis of variant or ANOVA) continued by the advanced test BNT with confidence interval 5%.The parameters observed after post-harvest handling (spraying) were levels of FFA ,moisture,dirt content,yield and specific gravity. The results of this reseach show that Calcium Chloride and potassium Sorbate can inhibit the process of fat hydrolisa. In the fact Calcium Chloride (α = 0.05) can influentthe levels of FFA, moisture,dirt content, while the Potassium Sorbate (α = 0.05) can influent the levels of FFA and dirt content, and there is no interaction between the two. theInhibitation process of fat hydrolis can be higher in the higher concentration of calcium chloride and potassium sorbate. The results of this reseach show that on the concentration of Calcium Chloride and potassium Sorbate 3000 ppm (K3P3) showed the lowest levels of FFAie between 0,5420% - 0,5242%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FTP/2014/77/051401978
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture
Divisions:	Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Depositing User:	Hasbi
Date Deposited:	19 Mar 2014 14:11
Last Modified:	21 Oct 2021 06:28
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/149954

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