Struktur Sosial Media Twitter dalam Bencana Banjir Jakarta

Zahra, Annisa (2016) Struktur Sosial Media Twitter dalam Bencana Banjir Jakarta. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi informasi di Indonesia terus berkembang dari tahun ke tahun. Teknologi informasi memiliki peranan penting dalam penyaluran informasi kepada masyarakat salah satunya melalui media sosial. Penggunaan media sosial dapat digunakan untuk berbagai tujuan. Sejak tahun 2006, media sosial memiliki peran yang semakin meningkat dalam peringatan bencana. Indonesia masuk dalam posisi teratas penggunaan media sosial dunia salah satunya pada situs microblogging Twitter yang menempati urutan ke lima dengan jumlah pengguna sebanyak 29 juta. Hal tersebut di dukung dengan aktivitas pengguna Twitter di DKI Jakarta. Penggunaan media sosial yang tinggi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dijadikan salah satu potensi penyebaran informasi mengenai bencana. Saat ini penyebaran informasi bencana banjir di Provinsi DKI Jakarta menggunakan media sosial salah satunya adalah twitter. DKI Jakarta merupakan salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang sering mengalami bencana banjir. Dampak dari bencana banjir dapat dikurangi salah satunya dengan tanggap darurat bencana yang melibatkan masyarakat. Partisipasi masyarakat dapat dilihat dengan mengetahui struktur sosial yang ada. Koordinasi yang baik antar lembaga pemerintah maupun non pemerintah dan masyarakat dapat dimaksimalkan dengan mengetahui masyarakat atau lembaga yang memiliki peran penting di dalam sebuah jaringan sehingga informasi mengenai banjir dapat tersebar merata. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi struktur sosial pemilik akun twitter saat terjadi bencana banjir dan pasca bencana banjir pada rentang waktu November 2014-Maret 2015. Selanjutnya dibagi menjadi dua periode yaitu saat terjadi bencana banjir bulan November 2014-Februari 2015 dan pasca bencana banjir pada bulan Maret 2015. Pada rentang waktu tersebut, bencana banjir yang diteliti merupakan bencana banjir yang terjadi lebih dari satu kali banjir. Struktur sosial pada penelitian ini dilihat dari tiga indikator yaitu tingkat partisipasi, densitas atau kerapatan jaringan dan sentralitas yang di analisis dengan social network analysis (SNA) menggunakan bantuan aplikasi Gephi 0.8.2 Beta yang merupakan aplikasi open source. Metode pengambilan data pada penelitian ini adalah web content mining dan survei sekunder. Web content mining dilakukan pada situs twitter.com untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai banjir di Jakarta. Survei sekunder dilakukan untuk memperoleh data sekunder dari instansi terkait serta studi literatur. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa tingkat partisipasi masyarakat pada masuk kedalam kategori rendah pada saat terjadi bencana maupun pasca terjadi bencana banjir. Tingkat partisipasi yang diukur adalah keikutsertaan akun masyarakat dengan akun lembaga yang ada. Rendahnya nilai tingkat partisipasi menunjukan rendahnya keikutsertaan akun masyarakat dengan akun kelembagaan yang ada. Kerapatan jaringan atau densitas pada kedua periode juga masuk dalam kategori rendah. Analisis selanjutnya adalah analisis sentralitas yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktor sentral yang memiliki peran penting saat terjadi bencana banjir maupun pasca bencana banjir. Berdasarkan hasil analisis sentralitas di dapatkan dua aktor sentral yaitu akun @BPBDJakarta yang merupaka akun milik lembaga pemerintah BPBD DKI Jakarta dan akun @petaJKT yang merupakan akun milik lembaga pemerintah Peta Jakarta. Dengan demikian terdapatnya aktor sentral, koordinasi antar lembaga diharapkan menjadi lebih baik. sehingga dampak bencana banjir dapat dikurangi.

English Abstract

In general, construction projects considered as a sector that has a lot of risk. Therefore, the construction contracts have a very important role in the planning, implementation and controlin Development of technology information in Indonesia grow every year. Technology information has important role in the distribution of information to the public nowadays through social media. Social media can be used for various purposes. Social media have played an increasing role in disaster awareness since 2006. Indonesia is the top five of the world for social media use with 29 million user. This is in support with the activities of the Twitter users in DKI Jakarta which can become potency for information distribution about disaster. Currently, DKI Jakarta use twitter for the information distribution of flood disaster. DKI Jakarta is one of the regions in Indonesia which often experienced a flood disaster. The impact of the flood disaster can be reduced with disaster management with involving community participation. Community participation can be seen in the knowledge of the existing social structure. Good coordination between government, non government organization and community can be maximized by knowing the community or institution that has an important role in a network so the information about the flood can spread evenly. The purpose of this research is to identify the social structure of the owner of the Twitter account when during the floods and post-flood disaster in November 2014-March 2015. Furthermore that time divided into two periods, first is during the flood in November 2014 - February 2015 and post-flood disaster in March 2015. On the amount of time, a flood disaster examined is a flood disaster occurs more than one time the flood. The social structure in this research is seen from the three indicators, the level of participation, density of the network and centrality. Then analyzed with social network analysis (SNA) methods using application Gephi 0.8.2 Beta which is open source applications. The method of collecting data in this research is a web content mining and secondary survey. The results of the analysis shows that the level of community participation are low in two periods. The level of participation is measured is participation of the community account with the institution account. The low value of the level of participation shows that low participation in the network. Density in both periods also entered in the low category. The next analysis is the analysis of the centrality to know actors central who have an important role during g of construction project. Without understanding that the construction contract had a very important role would be difficult to maintain the main importance and purpose of construction project. Therefore, when the construction project was going claims often occur. With the problems that occur on the Ciputra World Apartment and SOHO Project, the impacts on the project contract to determine the claims process that occurs by referring to project images and determine the value of the claim obtained in the Ciputra World Apartment and SOHO Project. This research was conducted by analyzing the project contract documents and project drawing on the Ciputra World Apartment and SOHO Project. The analysis begins with identifying the contract documents by finding the terms of reference as a basis for filing a claim. The next step is comparing differences between for tender drawing and as built drawing, and then calculating the volume of any differences found in the project drawing. After that it can be calculated the claim value of the volume multiplied by the unit price. The classifications of variation order that admitted as a claims are beam type variation, slab type variation, parapet addition, ramp addition, beam addition, and beam subtraction. Variation order mechanism is mentioned in the article 16 of the project contract documents. Variation order mechanism occurring in the field has been carried out in accordance with article 16. However, the procedure for claims is not listed in the contract. The contractor just stick on variation project drawing. The procedure for claims was conducted by identifying differences between for tender drawing and as built drawing. After that, calculate the volume of identified drawing and then calculate Variation Order (VO). VO or change order presented in tabular form work volume multiplied by the unit price and total value of the claims. The latter process is filed VO to the owner. The claims value total of the VO is Rp 612.786.403. The contractor will obtain less then of the claims value because there will be a revised calculation during discussions conducted by the contractor and the owner. the flood disaster and post-flood disaster. Based on the analysis centrality, there are two central actors. First is @BPBDJakarta account that owned by BPBD DKI Jakarta and @petaJKT account which an account owned by Peta Jakarta. With the presence of central actors, coordination is expected to be better than before so the impact of flood disaster can be reduced.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FT/2016/1076/051612984
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 307 Communities > 307.1 Planning and development > 307.121 6 City planning
Divisions:	Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Perencanaa Wilayah dan Kota
Depositing User:	Sugiantoro
Date Deposited:	20 Jan 2017 09:46
Last Modified:	28 Feb 2023 08:45
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/144225

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