Perbaikan Beban Kerja Fisik dan Mental pada Pembuatan Keripik Singkong Menggunakan Quick Exposure Checkdan National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Task Load Index

Fahmi, Hilal (2014) Perbaikan Beban Kerja Fisik dan Mental pada Pembuatan Keripik Singkong Menggunakan Quick Exposure Checkdan National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Task Load Index. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Lingkungan kerja mempunyai banyak faktor yang berkontribusi pada efisiensi dan efektivitas lingkungan kerja tersebut. Salah satu dari faktor tersebut adalah faktor manusia. Faktor manusia perlu untuk dipertimbangkan karena manusia memiliki keterbatasan dalam segi fisik dan mental. Keterbatasan tersebut perlu untuk dikompromikan dengan semua komponen lingkungan kerja. Perbaikan pada komponen lingkungan kerja sangat penting untuk membuat performansi kerja yang baik. UD. Lumba-lumba merupakan perusahaan di bidang produksi makanan ringan. Perusahaan ini memiliki produk utama berupa keripik singkong. Pada perusahaan ini ditemukan beberapa indikasi beban kerja yang tinggi dalam segi fisik dan mental. Indikasi tersebut diantaranya: jam kerja yang panjang dan tidak teratur, waktu istirahat yang pendek, serta postur kerja yang tidak ergonomis. Pada penelitian ini, beberapa penilaian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui besar beban kerja yang diderita oleh pekerja dan memberikan perbaikan untuk menurunkan beban kerja tersebut. Penilaian ini menilai beban kerja fisik dan juga beban kerja mental. QEC (Quick Exposure Check) digunakan sebagai penilaian terhadap exposure dari Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) yang menggambarkan beban kerja fisik. Sedangkan Beban kerja mental dinilai menggunakan National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Task Load Index(NASA-TLX). Penilaian ini dilakukan pada 16 pekerja dengan 5 jenis pekerjaan yang berbeda. Hasil dari penilaian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa pekerja pada proses penggorengan memiliki tingkat exposure MSDs yang tinggi. Penilaian QEC menunjukkan 4 dari 8 set skor dikategorikan exposure tinggi. 4 set skor tersebut adalah skor pada bagian punggung, pundak/lengan, pergelangan/telapak tangan, dan leher. Penilaian NASA-TLX juga menunjukkan bahwa pekerja pada proses penggorengan menderita beban mental yang tinggi pula dengan nilai rata-rata 72.20833. Oleh karena itu, pekerja pada proses penggorengan menempati peringkat pertama pada beban kerja fisik dan mental pada workstation penggorengan ini. Beban kerja yang tinggi ini disebabkan banyak faktor. Faktor tersebut diantaranya adalah tata letak workstation tidak diatur dengan ergonomis. Pekerja juga menggunakan alat yang tidak ergonomis. Manajemen pabrik juga tidak mengatur jam kerja dengan baik. Pekerja dapat bekerja hingga 11 jam/hari dan 5 jam tanpa istirahat. Bahan baku juga tidak dikontrol dengan baik sehingga bahan baku tidak datang dengan teratur dan konstan. Rekomendasi perbaikan yang diberikan adalah pengaturan ulang layout workstation untuk mengurangi putaran pada punggung pekerja yang selama ini sering dilakukan. Kursi putar juga direkomendasikan untuk digunakan untuk membantu pekerjaan menggoreng. Penerapan rotasi pekerja dan perekrutan pekerja baru juga direkomendasikan untuk mengurangi beban mental yang berlebihan. Alat untuk menggoreng juga direkomendasikan untuk diganti dengan bahan yang lebih ringan seperti aluminium.

English Abstract

Work environment has many factors that contribute to make it more effective and efficient. One of the contributing factors is human factors. Human factors need to be considered because of human limitation physically and mentally. The limitation need to be compromised with all work environment component. The adjustment of work environment component is very important to make a good performance of work. UD. Lumba-lumba is a snack factory that has primary product such as cassava chips. In this factory, high workload indication has found. The indications include: long and irregular working hours, short breaks, and non-ergonomic working posture. In this study, some assessment has been made. The aim of this assessment is to examinethe workload that suffered by workers and to give improvement to workload decrease. This assessment assess both physical and mental workload. Quick Exposure Check (QEC) has been performed to assess the exposure of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) that describe physical workload. National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) has performed to assess mental workload. The assessment has been performed to 16 workers that have 5 different jobs. Result show that fry worker has an high exposure of MSDs. The QEC assessment show 4 of 8 score set has been categorized to “high risk exposure” i.e. back, shoulder/arm, wrist/hand, and neck. NASA-TLX also show all of the workers have high mental workload, especially on fry worker that has score of72.20833. Fry worker placed in the first rank both physical and mental workload. This high workload caused by many factors. The factors is workstation layout which has not arranged based on human factors (ergonomic). Workers also using inefficient tools to help their work. Management also did not control the work time. Worker can work up to 11 hours per day and 5 hours continuously without rest. The raw material had not been controlled well so the raw material did not come regularly and constantly. The recommendation is given to decrease the physical and mental workload. The workstation layout should be rearranged to decrease the back twist that always suffered by fry workers. A rotating chair is also recommended to help fry workers. Job rotation and hiring new worker also recommended to decrease excessive mental workload. The material of frying tools also recommended to be changed with other lighter material, such as aluminum.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FT/2014/631/051406551
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 670 Manufacturing
Divisions:	Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Industri
Depositing User:	Hasbi
Date Deposited:	19 Sep 2014 10:03
Last Modified:	15 Dec 2021 06:30
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/142955

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