ElisaNurHalimah (2016) Analisis Hubungan Kekerabatan Durian (Durio Spp.) Berdasarkan Ciri Morfologi Di Kabupaten Banyuwangi Provinsi Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur memiliki jenis durian lokal yaitu durian merah. Durian merah Banyuwangi termasuk tanaman langka dan unik serta berbeda diantara durian lainnya. Keunikan durian tersebut terletak pada daging buah yang berwarna merah blocking, merah muda-oranye, dan oranye kemerahan. Hal inilah yang membuat durian merah memiliki harga jual yang relatif tinggi diantara durian lainnya. Oleh karena itu, budidaya durian merah dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan petani durian. Pengembangan durian merah Banyuwangi sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas buah melalui program pemuliaan tanaman. Tahap awal pemuliaan tanaman adalah karakterisasi untuk mengetahui keragaman serta kerabat durian. Karakterisasi durian merah Banyuwangi masih belum dilakukan, oleh karenanya dilakukan karakterisasi durian merah, kuning, dan putih untuk mengetahui hubungan genetik ketiga jenis durian tersebut menggunakan karakter morfologi. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan November 2015 hingga Maret 2016. Lokasi penelitian berada di lima wilayah Banyuwangi yaitu Kecamatan Glagah, Songgon, Licin, Giri, dan Kalipuro. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 sampel durian yang terdiri dari 10 durian merah, 10 durian putih, dan 10 durian kuning di lokasi yang berbeda. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah galah, kamera, panduan deskriptor tanaman durian, kuisioner wawancara, dan alat tulis. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksplorasi, wawancara, dan identifikasi atau observasi dengan mengamati langsung pohon-pohon durian menggunakan buku panduan deskriptor durian dari Bioversity International (Bioversity, 2007). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiap jenis durian memiliki kemiripan karakter morfologi sehingga sulit dibedakan saat fase vegetatif. Karakter yang dapat membedakan antar jenis durian tersebut hanyalah warna daging buah saja. Penggolongan warna daging buah tiap jenis durian adalah sebagai berikut: 1) durian putih memiliki satu warna yaitu putih krem; 2) durian merah memiliki 3 warna yaitu merah blocking, oranye kemerahan, merah muda-oranye; 3) durian kuning terbagi menjadi 3 warna yaitu kuning, kuning lemon, dan oranye kekuningan. Analisis hubungan kekerabatan durian Banyuwangi menggunakan analisis kelompok yang disajikan dalam dendogram, menunjukkan rentang koefesien kemiripan antara 0,79-0,86. Hubungan kerabat terdekat terdapat antara sampel durian putih Songgon (2 P.S) dengan durian putih Kalipuro (28 P.K) dan juga antara sampel durian putih Glagah (14 P.G) dengan durian kuning Glagah (20 K.G) pada koefesien 0,86. Hubungan kerabat terjauh terdapat pada sampel durian kuning Licin (23 K.L) dengan ke-29 durian lainnya pada koefesien 0,79. Hal ini disebabkan pada sampel 23 K.L memiliki bentuk tajuk elliptical yang tidak dimiliki oleh ke-29 sampel lainnya. Hubungan dalam tiap jenis durian banyuwangi menunjukkan bahwa hubungan kerabat terjauh hingga terdekat, berturut-turut adalah: 1) durian kuning-kuning; 2) durian merah-merah; 3) durian putih-putih. Hubungan antar jenis durian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan kerabat terjauh hingga terdekat, berturut-turut adalah: 1) durian merah-kuning; 2) durian kuning-putih; 3) durian merah-putih.
English Abstract
Banyuwangi , Jawa Timur had a local durian was red durian. Red durian of Banyuwangi included rare plant and unique also different with other durian. The uniqueness of Banyuwangi durian could be found on the flesh which had red blocking, pink-oranye, and reddish oranye colours. This made red durian had a expensive price than others. Accordingly, red durian cultivation could improve income and prosperity durian farmers. Red durian development was very important to increase quality of fruits through plant breeding programs. Initial stage on the plant breeding was characterization to know diversity and relationship in durian. Red durian characterization in the Banyuwangi still didn’t do, so that needed characterization which not only on the red durian, but also white and yellow durian to know genetic relationship in the three types of durian with morphology characters. This research conducted in November 2015 up to March 2016 which is located in 5 subdistrict of Banyuwangi are Glagah, Songgon, Licin, Giri, and Kalipuro. Materials used in this research were 30 sample durian consist of 10 red durian, 10 white durian, and 10 yellow durian in differant location. Tools used were quant, camera, descriptor of durian guide book, interview questionnaire, and stationary. Methods used were exploration, interview, and identification or observation by way of directly observe on durian trees using descriptor of durian guide book from Bioversity International (Bioversity, 2007). Research result shows that based on morphology characters observed, each of durian types had similarity so difficult to observe, especially in the vegetative phase. Based on observation result, each of durian types only could be distinguished by flesh colour character on generative phase. Flesh colour classification of durian types were as follows: 1) white durian had one colour is a creamy white; 2) red durian had 3 colour were blocking red, reddish orange, and pink-oranye; 3) yellow durian had 3 colour were yellow, lemon yellow, and yellowish oranye. Relationship analysis of Banyuwangi durian presented by dendogram, determine the range of similarity coefficient between 0,79-0,86. The closest relationship there between white durian of Songgon (2 P.S) with white durian of Kalipuro (28 P.K) and also between white durian of Glagah (14 P.G) with yellow durian of Glagah (20 K.G) on the coefficient 0.86. The farthest relationship there between yellow durian of Licin (23 K.L) with twenty-nine other durians on the coefficient 0,79. This was because 23 K.L sample had a elliptical crown shape. Relationship in each durian types shows the farthest relationship to closest, respectively : 1) yellow-yellow durians; 2) red-red durians; 3) white-white durians. Relationship transtypes of durian shows the farthest relationship to closest, respectively: 1) red-yellow durians; 2) yellow-white durians; 3) red-white durian.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FPR/2016/508051609195 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Sugiantoro |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Oct 2016 16:13 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 11:04 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/135226 |
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