Ditasari, Pinkan Mega (2018) Dekomposisi Limbah Kulit Kakao Oleh Jamur Trichoderma Harzianum Dan Aspergillus Niger Di Pusat Penelitian Kopi Dan Kakao Indonesia. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Peran kakao dalam pembangunan perekonomian di Indonesia cukup besar karena memiliki nilai ekspor yang tinggi di dunia. Seiring meningkatnya produktivitas kakao akan meningkatkan limbah kulit kakao yang tersisa. Pengelolaan limbah tanaman kakao masih belum ditangani dengan tepat sehingga terjadi penumpukan limbah kulit kakao. Kulit kakao umumnya langsung dibuang sebagai limbah, padahal kulit kakao dapat diolah menjadi produk yang lebih bermanfaat sehingga perlu dilakukan pengolahan limbah yang tepat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PUSLITKOKA pada bulan Desember 2017- Februari 2018 dengan dua tahap yaitu isolasi jamur Trichoderma dan Aspergillus dan uji dekomposisi isolat jamur Trichoderma dan Aspergillus. Hasil isolasi sampel tanah yang telah dilakukan pengenceran 10-3 dan 10-4 diinokulasi pada media PDA, sehingga diperoleh mikroorganisme yang diinginkan yaitu jamur T. harzianum. Jamur A.niger diisolasi di ruang terbuka menggunakan media PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). Pengujian kemampuan antagonis antar jamur yang diuji dalam media PDA yang telah dipurivikasi dalam hari setelah inkubasi, berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap persentase antagonis pada jamur yang diuji. Suhu pada dekomposisi tertinggi pada perlakuan N1 (tidak ternaungi) sebesar 32,9oC. Suhu yang tidak stabil dan tidak tercapainya fase termofilik dikarenakan tumpukan bahan yang terlalu rendah. Kondisi pH selama proses pengomposan harus dijaga. Perlakuan pemberian jamur T.harzianum dan tidak ternaungi memiliki rata-rata pH yang paling rendah, sedangkan perlakuan pemberian jamur A niger dan tidak ternaungi memiliki rata-rata pH yang paling tinggi. Nilai C-organik pada perlakuan pemberian jamur T. harzianum dan tidak ternaungi memiliki rata-rata yang paling rendah, sedangkan perlakuan pemberian jamur T. harzianum dan ternaungi memiliki rata-rata C-organik yang paling tinggi. N total pada perlakuan pemberian mikroba pendekomposer dan ternaungi memiliki rata-rata yang paling rendah, sedangkan perlakuan pemberian jamur T. harzianum dan ternaungi memiliki rata-rata N total yang paling tinggi. Perlakuan pemberian jamur T. harzianum dan tidak ternaungi memiliki rata-rata C/N ratio yang paling rendah. Laju dekomposisis pada perlakuan kontrol dan tidak ternaungi memiliki nilai rata-rata yang paling rendah, sedangkan perlakuan pemberian jamur T. harzianum + A. niger dan ternaungi memiliki rata-rata laju dekomposisi yang paling tinggi. Kondisi substrat selama proses dekomposisi tidak mengalami perubahan bentuk yang signifikan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan secara visual pada masing-masing perlakuan menunjukkan warna yang sama.
English Abstract
The role of cocoa in economic development in Indonesia is quite large. Besides that, cocoa also has a high export value in the world. As cocoa productivity increases, it will increase the waste of remaining cocoa skin. The management of cocoa plant waste is still not handled properly so there is a buildup of cocoa skin waste. Cocoa skin is generally disposed of as waste, even though cocoa skin can be processed into more useful products. So there is a need for waste treatment to be carried out. This study was conducted at Coffea and Cocoa Research Institution on December, 2017 until February, 2018. There was two stages in this study: isolation of Trichoderma and Aspergillus and decomposition test of Trichoderma fungi and isolation of Aspergillus. The result showed that isolation of soil samples that have been diluted with 10-3 and 10-4 were inoculated on PDA media, so that the spesific microorganisms were obtained, namely T. harzianum. A.niger was isolated in an open space using PDA media (Potato Dextrose Agar). The testing of antagonistic ability among fungi tested in PDA media which had been purified in the days after incubation had a significant effect on the percentage of antagonists in the testing fungi. The highest decomposition temperature in N1 treatment (not shaded) is 32.9oC. The temperature is not stable and does not reach the thermophilic phase because the stack of material that is too low will make the material lose heat faster, so that high temperatures cannot be achieved. pH conditions during the composting process must be maintained so that the condition remains stable. The treatment of giving T.harzianum and unshaded mushrooms had the lowest pH average, while the treatment of A. niger and unshaded fungi had the highest average pH. The C-organic value in the treatment of T. harzianum and unshaded fungi had the lowest average, while the treatment of T. harzianum and shaded mushroom gave the highest average organic C. The total N in the treatment of giving short and composer microbes had the lowest average, while the treatment of T. harzianum and shaded mushrooms had the highest total N total. The treatment of T. harzianum and unshaded fungi has the lowest average C / N ratio. Decomposysis rate in control and non-shaded treatments had the lowest mean value, while the treatment of T. harzianum + A. niger fungi and shaded had the highest average decomposition rate. The condition of the substrate during the decomposition process did not experience a significant change in shape. Observations made visually on each treatment showed the same color.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/664/051809999 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Dekomposisi Limbah, Kulit Kakao, Jamur Trichoderma Harzianum, Aspergillus Niger |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 620 Engineering and allied operations > 620.1 Engineering mechanics and materials > 620.11 Engineering materials > 620.112 Properties of materials and nondestructive testing > 620.112 2 Resistance to decay, decomposition, deterioration |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Feb 2019 03:20 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 14:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/13358 |
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