Fitriyani, Widya (2016) Pengaruh Persentase Pemangkasan Daun Dan Bunga Jantan Terhadap Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung sebagai tanaman pangan di Indonesia, yang menduduki urutan kedua setelah padi. Namun, jagung mempunyai peranan yang tidak kalah penting dibandingakan padi. Kedudukannya sebagai sumber utama karbohidrat dan protein setelah beras menjadikan jagung sebagai salah satu komoditi strategis dan bernilai ekonomis serta mempunyai peluang untuk dikembangakan. Jagung tidak hanya dikonsumsi dalam bentuk original seperti jagung bakar, tetapi juga dapat dikembangkan inovasi yang lebih luas sebagai bahan baku untuk industri pengolahan pangan. Produksi jagung pada tahun 2015 mencapai 19,83 juta ton pipilan kering, mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya hanya mencapai 19 juta ton (BPS, 2015). Produksi jagung dapat ditingkatkan dengan adanya teknologi budidaya, salah satunya yaitu dengan pemangkasan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan persentase pemangkasan daun dan bunga jantan yang tepat sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.). Hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah Pemangkasan 50% daun bawah dan bunga jantan memberikan hasil tertinggi terhadap tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Juli 2016 di Desa Dadaprejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah cangkul, tugal, gunting, raffia, meteran, kamera, timbangan, papan, jangka sorong, oven, lux meter dan alat tulis. Bahan yang digunakan adalah benih jagung varietas Bisi-18, Furadan, Pupuk Urea (46% N), Phonska (15% N: 15% P2O5: 15% K2O), pupuk kandang sapi dan Pestisida. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 9 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan P0= Tanpa Pemangkasan, P1= Pemangkasan 25% Daun Atas, P2= Pemangkasan 50% Daun Atas, P3= Pemangkasan 50% Daun Bawah, P4= Pemangkasan 100% Daun Bawah, P5= Pemangkasan 25% Daun Atas + Bunga Jantan, P6= Pemangkasan 50% Daun Atas + Bunga Jantan, P7= Pemangkasan 50% Daun Bawah + Bunga Jantan, P8= Pemangkasan 100% Daun Bawah + Bunga Jantan. Pengamatan dilakukan secara destruktif pada saat panen dengan parameter yang diamati meliputi intersepsi cahaya (%), bobot segar total tanaman (g), bobot kering total tanaman (g) bobot segar tongkol (g), bobot kering tongkol (g), bobot pipilan kering biji per tanaman (g), bobot pipilan kering biji per hektar (t/ha), panjang tongkol (cm), diameter tongkol tanpa kelobot (cm). Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (Uji F) pada taraf 5%. Apabila hasil uji diperoleh pengaruh perlakuan yang nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemangkasan daun dan bunga jantan berpengaruh nyata pada bobot segar tongkol (g), bobot kering tongkol (g), bobot pipilan kering biji per tanaman (g), bobot pipilan kering biji per hektar (ton/ha) dan intersepsi cahaya (%), tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata pada bobot segar total tanaman (g), bobot kering total tanaman (g), panjang tongkol (cm) dan diameter tongkol (cm). Perlakuan pemangkasan 50% daun bawah dan bunga jantan mampu meningkatkan bobot basah tongkol 19,77%; bobot kering tongkol 22,82%; bobot pipilan kering biji per tanaman 21,00%; bobot pipilan kering biji per hektar 16,41% dibandingkan dengan tanpa pemangkasan.
English Abstract
Maize is an important food crop in Indonesia, second only after paddy. However, maize has a role no less important than of paddy. Its position as the main source of carbohydrates and protein after paddy make maize as a strategic and economic value commodity as well as have the opportunity to is developed. Maize not only is consumed in the form of original such as roasted corn, but also expand innovation more widely as a raw material for the food processing industry. Maize production in 2015 reached 19.83 million tons of dry seed, an increase over the previous year only 19 million tons (BPS, 2015). Maize production can be enhanced by the existence of cultivation technology, one of which is by defoliation. This research aimed to obtain of leaf defoliation percentage and detasseling are appropriate to increase yields of maize (Zea mays. L). The hypothesis of this research is 50% bottom leaf defoliation and detasseling produced the highest yield of maize (Zea mays. L). The experiment was conducted in March until July 2016 at Dadaprejo village, Junrejo Subdistrict, Batu. The tools used to experiment is a hoe, drill, scissors, raffia, meter, camera, scales, board, caliper, lux meter, oven, stationery. The materials used is commercial variety Bisi-18, Phonska and Urea manure, organic manure, pesticide. This research was used Randomized Block Design (RBD) consist of 9 treatment with 3 replication. The treatment consist of P0 = without defoliatin (control), P1 = 25% top leaf defoliation, P2 = 50% top leaf defoliation, P3 = 50% bottom leaf defoliation, P4 = 100% bottom leaf defoliation, P5 = 25% top leaf defoliation + detasseling, P6 = 50% top leaf defoliation + detasseling, P7 = 50% bottom leaf defoliation + detasseling, P8 = 100% bottom leaf defoliation + detasseling. Destructively observations at harvest with the parameters observed are light intersepsion (%), fresh weight of plant (g), dry weight of plant (g), fresh weight of cob (g), dry weight of cob (g), dry seed weight per plant (g), dry seed weight per hectare (t/ha), length of cob (cm), diameter of cob without husk (cm). The observation data will be analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) at level of 5 percent, if the treatment was significant different, it will continued with the HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test at level of 5 percent. The results showed that leaf defoliation and detasseling significant influential in fresh weight of cob (g), dry weight of cob (g), dry seed weight of seeds per plant (g), weight of dry seed per hectare (ton/ha) and light intersepsion (%), but not significant influential at fresh weight of plant (g), dry weight of plant (g), length of cob (cm) and diameter of cob without husk (cm). Defoliation 50% lower leaf and detasseling can increase fresh weight of cob 19,77%; dry weight of cob 22,82%; dry seed weight of seeds per plant 21,00%; weight of dry seed per hectare 16,41% compared with without defoliation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/992/051700150 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2017 08:21 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Oct 2021 01:48 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131996 |
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DAFTAR_PUSTAKA.pdf Download (1MB) | Preview |
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LAMPIRAN.pdf Download (2MB) | Preview |
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BAB_1._PENDAHULUAN.pdf Download (1MB) | Preview |
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