Pengaruh Jenis Tanah Dan Pupuk Kandang Sapi Sebagai Media Perbanyakan Spora Mikoriza Arbuskula (Ma) Genus Acaulospora Sp. Dan Glomus Sp.

Ayuningsih, Arin (2016) Pengaruh Jenis Tanah Dan Pupuk Kandang Sapi Sebagai Media Perbanyakan Spora Mikoriza Arbuskula (Ma) Genus Acaulospora Sp. Dan Glomus Sp. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Tanah Ultisol di Indonesia memiliki sebaran yang cukup luas mencapai 45.794.000 ha atau sekitar 25% dari total luas tanah di Indonesia (Subagyo et al., 2004). Salah satu daerah terluas sebaran Ultisol adalah di Kalimantan dengan luas sekitar 21.938.000 ha (Prasetyo dan Suriadikarta, 2006). Kecamatan Loa Kulu, Kabupaten Tenggarong, Kalimantan Timur, merupakan salah satu wilayah yang terdapat tanah Ultisol dengan karakteristik pH rendah yaitu 4,1 (KCl 1N) dan 4,8 (H2O). Di daerah ini didapatkan jumlah spora jenis Acaulospora sp. 2833 jumlah spora 100 g-1 tanah. Potensi MA yang tinggi pada tanah di Kecamatan Loa Kulu, Kabupaten Tenggarong dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pupuk hayati mikoriza sehingga MA ini perlu dikembangkan dengan metode perbanyakan. Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan MA adalah kondisi media tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Memahami perlakuan media tanam (Ultisol dan Entisol serta penambahan pupuk kandang sapi) dan jenis MA (Glomus sp. dan Acaulospora sp.) terhadap P-total, infeksi MA, populasi MA dan P-tersedia, 2) Memahami hubungan antara karakteristik media tanam (pH tanah, P total, dan P-tersedia) dengan mikoriza arbuskula (infeksi MA dan jumlah spora) dan karakteristik tanah dan MA dengan pertumbuhan jagung manis. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Februari-Agustus 2016 di Tenggarong, Kalimantan Timur dan eksperimental dengan membuat plot percobaan di glasshouse Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial (RALF) dengan faktor media perbanyakan dan jenis MA. Faktor media menggunakan 4 taraf yaitu; 1) U (Ultisol), 2) UP (Ultisol + Pupuk Kandang Sapi 20 ton ha-1), 3) E (Entisol), and 4) EP (Entisol + Pupuk Kandang Sapi 20 ton ha-1) dan faktor jenis mikoriza dengan 2 taraf yaitu; 1) Acaulospora sp., 2) Glomus sp. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah jumlah spora, persentase infeksi akar, C-Organik, pH, P-total, P-tersedia, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan bobot kering oven tanaman. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakaan analisis sidik ragam atau Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan aplikasi Genstat. Apabila ANOVA berpengaruh nyata maka akan di uji lanjut menggunakan DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range) dengan taraf 5%. Selanjutnya, memahami pengaruh kedua variabel dilakukan uji korelasi dengan aplikasi Genstat dan regresi menggunakan program Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media perbanyakan (Ultisol dan Entisol serta penambahan pupuk kandang sapi) dan jenis MA (Glomus sp. dan Acaulospora sp.) berpengaruh terhadap P-total, infeksi MA, populasi MA dan P-tersedia. Media Entisol dengan Acaulospora sp. memberikan pengaruh tertinggi dalam meningkatkan P-total dan P-tersedia menjadi sebesar 1274,09 mg.kg-1 dan 27,92 ppm. Media terbaik perbanyakan mikoriza adalah Ultisol tanpa penambahan pupuk dapat meningkatkan populasi spora menjadi 151 spora 100 g-1 tanah pada ii jenis Acaulospora sp. dan 15 spora 100 g-1 tanah pada jenis Glomus sp. Pengaruh antara P-tersedia dengan jumlah spora dan infeksi lebih besar pada jenis Acaulospora sp., setiap peningkatan P-tersedia 1 ppm maka diikuti penurunan jumlah spora dan infeksi akar berturut-turut sebesar 32 spora 100 g-1 tanah dan 5,8%. Selanjutnya, hubungan positif antara kadar P-tersedia dengan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung manis.

English Abstract

Ultisol in Indonesia has a quite large distribution, covering 45.794 million ha or approximately 25% of the total land in Indonesia (Subagyo et al., 2004).. One area with the widest spread of Ultisol is Kalimantan having approximately 21.938 million ha of Ultisol (Prasetyo dan Suriadikarta, 2006). The results of laboratory analysis showed that Ultisol in the research site (District of Loa Kulu, Tenggarong Regency, East Kalimantan) has a low soil pH, 4.1 (KCl 1N) and 4.8 (H2O). In this place, 2.833 spores 100 g-1 soil of Acaulospora sp. Mycorrhiza were found the high of AM potential on soil in the District of Loa Kulu, Tenggarong Regency can be used as a material of mycorrhizal biological fertilizer so as this AM needs to be developed with propagation method. The crucial factor for AM development is the condition of planting medium. This present study aimed to: 1) understand the treatment of propagation medium (Ultisol And Entisol as well as the relation between the adding of cow manure) and the type of AM (Glomus sp. dan Acaulospora sp.) on P-total, the percentage of mycorrhizal infection, population of AM and available P. 2) understand the relationship between propagation medium characteristics (soil pH, total P dan avalaible P) and AM propagation (the percentage of mycorrhizal infection and population of AM), and the medium characteristics and MA propagation with the growth of sweet corn. The study was conducted from February-August 2016 in Tenggarong, East Kalimantan by conducting an experimental research in the glasshouse in the Soil Department, Brawijaya University, Malang This research used completely randomized factorial design (CRFD) with two factors, including propagation medium and types of AM. The propagation medium consist of 4 level: 1) Ultisol, 2) Ultisol+Cow manure, 3) Entisol, and 4) Entisol+Cow manure, where as the types of mycorhiza involve 1) Accaulospora sp., and 2) Glomus sp., totaling 8 combination treatments with 3 replicates of each. The parameter measurements were mycorrhizal spores, the percentage of mycorrhizal infection (Glomus sp. and Acaulospora sp.), organic C, pH, total P, available P, plant height, leaf number and plant dry weight. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with GENSTAT application. If the ANOVA is significant, it will be further analysed using DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range) with a level of 5%. Furthermore, to understand the effects of these two variables, the correlation test was conducted using GENSTAT application, while the regression test was done by using the Microsoft Excel program. The results showed that the propagation medium (Ultisol And Entisol well as disposals of cow manure) and the type of AM (Glomus sp. and Acaulospora sp.) gave significantly effect (p < 0.05) on P-total, AM infection, AM population and available P. Combination treatment of Entisol and Acaulospora sp. gaves the highest impact on the increases of total P and available P (1274.09 mg kg-1 and 27.92 ppm, respectively). The optimum medium for AM propagation is Ultisol iv without manure where the population of spores reached 151 spores 100 g-1 soil for Acaulospora sp. and 15 spores 100 g-1 soil for Glomus sp. The effect of available P and michorizal population and infection was greater in Acaulospora genus; an increase of one ppm of available P will be followed by the decrease of michorizal population and infection of mycorrhizal (32 spores 100 g-1 soil and 5.8%, respectively). Furthemore, there was a positive realtionship between availble P and the growth of sweet corn.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FP/2016/967/051700043
Subjects:	500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah
Depositing User:	Kustati
Date Deposited:	12 Jan 2017 13:34
Last Modified:	22 Oct 2021 01:02
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131967

	Text COVER.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text DAFTAR_PUSTAKA.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text LAMPIRAN.pdf Download (4MB)
	Text SKRIPSI_Arin_Ayuningsih_125040200111102(FULL).pdf Download (5MB)
	Text BAB_V_KESIMPULAN_DAN_SARAN.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text Surat_Pernyataan-Daftar_Lampiran.pdf Download (2MB)
	Text BAB_I_PENDAHULUAN.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text BAB_IV_HASIL_DAN_PEMBAHASAN.pdf Download (2MB)
	Text BAB_II_TINJAUAN_PUSTAKA.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text BAB_III_METODE.pdf Download (2MB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (30kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (12kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (3kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (39kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (16kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (5kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (41kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (17kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (43kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (16kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (40kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (15kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (30kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (12kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (3kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (44kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (17kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (28kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (11kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (3kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (46kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (17kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (55kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (21kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)

Actions (login required)

View Item