DayuTriMargawati (2016) Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Lahan Dengan Sistem Tumpangsari Pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum Annum L.) Dan Tanaman Kubis (Brassica Oleracea Var Capitata L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Cabai merah (Capsicum annum L.) merupakan jenis tanaman hortikultura yang populer saat ini dikarenakan cabai mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang tinggi dan berprospektif untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia. Sayuran yang mengalami peningkatan permintaan selain cabai adalah sayuran kubis. Perkembangan produktivitas kubis di Indonesia selama periode 2000-2011 cenderung fluktuatif (BPS, 2013). Akan tetapi tingginya permintaan konsumen tidak diimbangi dengan keadaan luas lahan pertanian yang mengalami penurunan. Banyak lahan pertanian yang beralih fungsi sebagai lahan pemukiman dan industri. Data dari Direktorat Pengelolaan Lahan Departemen Pertanian tahun 2005 menunjukkan bahwa setiap tahunnya sekitar 187.720 ha sawah di Jawa telah teralih fungsikan ke penggunaan lain.Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman cabai dan kubis pada suatu areal lahan pertanian yang semakin terbatas diperlukan suatu usaha dan teknik budidaya yang tepat. Salah satu usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk menjadikan lahan pertanian lebih efektif adalah dengan menggunakan tumpangsari. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Untuk mendapatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tertinggi tanaman kubis dan cabai dalam sistem tumpangsari (2) Menentukan nilai NKL (Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan) pada pola tanam tumpangsari dibandingkan dengan pola monokultur. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini saat penanaman kubis yang tepat menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kubis serta cabai yang optimal dan meningkatkan nilai NKL pada pola tanam tumpangsari antara tanaman kubis dan cabai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Ngoran, Kecamatan Nglegok, Kabupaten Blitar, yang terletak pada ketinggian ± 156 mdpl, mempunyai rata-rata suhu udara± 24°C –34°C dengan jenis tanah alfisol. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Juni hingga November 2015. Alat yang digunakan selama penelitian meliputi : cangkul, tugal, gembor, ember, knapsack sprayer, timbangan, mulsa, kamera digital, penggaris/meteran, label, dan alat tulis. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah benih kubis varietas Grand 22, benih cabai varietas Hibrida F1 Elegance, Pupuk Urea (46% N), SP36 (36% P2O5), ZA (21% N dan24%S), KCl (60% K2O), pupuk kandang sapidanpestisida (Lannate dan Demolish). Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Terdapat 7 perlakuan waktu tanam kubis yang diulang 4 kali sehingga terdapat 28 petak.Masing-masing perlakuan tersebutialah : P1 = Tumpangsari kubis dan cabai, kubis ditanam 28 hari sebelum cabai. P2 = Tumpangsari kubis dan cabai, kubis ditanam 14 hari sebelum cabai. P3 = Tumpangsari kubis dan cabai, kubis ditanam bersamaan dengan cabai. P4 = Tumpangsari kubis dan cabai, kubis ditanam 14 hari setelah cabai. P5= Tumpangsari kubis dan cabai, kubis ditanam 28 hari setelah cabai. P6 = Penanaman kubis secara monokultur dan P7 = Penanaman cabai secara monokultur. Pengamatan dilakukan secara non destruktif tanaman cabai meliputi : tinggi tanaman, waktu berbunga, jumlah bunga, fruitset, bobot buah, jumlah buah, diameter tajuk tanaman pada umur pengamatan 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 hst. Pengamatan non destruktif untuk tanaman kubis meliputi : Luas daun, jumlah daun, diameter krop, bobot segar kubis, bobot konsumsi dengan pengamatan dilakukan umur 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 hst. Menghitung Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan (NKL), Intensitas Radiasi Matahari dan R/C rasio. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F dengantaraf 5%) untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh perlakuan yang diberikan, jika terdapat pengaruh perlakuan yang nyata, dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu tanam kubis tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai. Tumpangsari tanaman cabai dengan kubis yang ditanam 14-28 hari sebelum dan sesudah tanaman cabai serta tanaman kubis yang ditanam bersamaan dengan tanaman cabai mampu meningkatkan produktivitas lahan. NKL tumpangsari 1,60 - 1,91, NKL dengan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan waktu tanam kubis 28 hari sebelum cabai, yaitu sebesar 1,91.
English Abstract
Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is a kind of horticultural crops that are popular today because chili has a high economic value and has a good prospectto bedevelopment in Indonesia. Not only chilli but also cabbage is a part of vegetables that has high demand from consumer. In the periode of 2000-2011, cabbage has fluctuative development (BPS, 2013). The high demand of cabbage not balanced with the area available for agricultural land. Many agricultural land are changed their function become a residental and industrial area. In 2005, Data from Directorate of Land Management Department of Agriculture shows that 187.720 ha agricultural land are changed their function. To increase productivity of chili and cabbage in limited agricultural land, we need a proper cultivation techniquues. One way to make a limited agricultural land efectively is is to use a intercroppingsystem. The purpose of thesis are (1) To get the growth and the highest yield of cabbage and chilli in a intercropping system (2) To decide the value of LER (Land Equivalent Ratio) at intercropping system compared with monoculture system. Hypothesis of this researchis a proper cabbage timing planting will produce an optimal cabbage and chilli growth and yield and increase the value of LER from intercropping system of cabbage and chilli. The research conducted in the Ngoran village, Nglegok district, Blitar, which is located at an altitude of ± 156 meter above sea level, with an average temperature of ± 24 ° C - 34 ° C in Alfisol type. Research conducted from June to November 2015. The tools that were used for research: hoes, drill, watering can, buckets, knapsack sprayer, scales, mulch, digital camera, a ruler / tape measure, labels, and stationery. Materials used in this study is the seed of cabbage varieties Grand 22, chili seeds of varieties of Hybrid F1 Elegance, Urea (46% N), SP36 (36% P2O5),ZA (21% N and 24% S), KCl (60% K2O ), manure, pesticides (Lannate and Demolish). The method of the research is randomized block design (RBD) there are 7 level from time of planting cabbage which were: P1 = Intercropping cabbage and chilli, cabbage planted 28 days before the chili. P2 = Intercropping cabbage and chilli, cabbage planted 14 days before the chili. P3 = Intercropping cabbage and chilli, cabbage and chilli are planted in the same time. P4 = Intercropping cabbage and chili, cabbage planted 14 days after the chili. P5 = Intercropping cabbage and chilli, cabbage planted 28 days after the chili. P6 = Planting cabbage in monoculture and P7 = planting chili in monoculture. Observations non destructive to chilli were: plant height, flower time, number of flowers, fruitset, fruit weight, number of fruit and diameter canopy, at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 dap. While the observation of non-destructive to cabbage were: leaf area, leaf number, diameter crop, cabbage fresh weight, the weight of consumption with observations were made at intervals of 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 dap. And analysis of the plant growth include Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), Solar Radiation Intensity and R/C ratio. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (F test with a level of 5%) to determine the effect of treatment given, if the result showed significant different, followed by LSD test with a level of 5%. The results showed the time of planting cabbage did not significantly affect the growth and yield of chilli. Intercropping with cabbage planted 14-28 days before and after the chilli and cabbage plants are grown alongside chili plants were able to increase the productivity of land. LER intercropping 1.60 - 1.91. The highest LER in the treatment time 28 days before planting cabbage, which is 1.91.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/643/051609329 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Sugiantoro |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Oct 2016 13:35 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 14:52 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131650 |
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