IrmaRofidah, Nur (2016) UJI DAYA HASIL PENDAHULUAN 11 GALUR HARAPAN TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum annuum L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Cabai merah (Capsicum annum L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman sayuran yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi dan banyak digemari oleh masyarakat. Berdasarkan data produksi cabai dari tahun 2012-2014 berturut-turut adalah 954.363 ton, 1012.879 ton dan 1074.602 ton. Produktivitas dari tahun 2012-2014 berturut-turut adalah 7.93 ton ha-1, 8.16 ton ha- dan 8.35 ton ha-1. Produktivitas tersebut tergolong rendah apabila dibandingkan dengan potensi produksi yang bisa mencapai 22 ton ha-1. Dalam rangka memenuhi permintaan yang semakin meningkat dibutuhkan upaya peningkatan potensi hasil cabai merah besar yaitu melalui penggunaan varietas berdaya hasil tinggi. Perakitan varietas membutuhkan beberapa pengujian, salah satu diantaranya adalah uji daya hasil pendahuluan. Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi-potensi galur harapan yang diuji sehingga didapatkan calon varietas yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi dan kualitas bagus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui beberapa galur harapan yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi diantara 11 galur harapan tanaman cabai merah besar (Capsicum annuum L.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Oktober 2015 – Mei 2016 di Desa Gesingan, Kecamatan Pujon, Kabupaten Malang dengan ketinggian tempat ± 1.100 m dpl. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 perlakuan yaitu 11 galur harapan cabai merah besar yang diuji dan 1 varietas komersil yaitu Gantari. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdapat 20 tanaman, dengan jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah 60 x 40 cm. Parameter Pengamatan dilakukan adalah karakter kuantitatif dan karakter kualitatif. Karakter kuantitatif yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, umur berbunga, umur panen, panjang buah, diameter buah, jumlah buah per tanaman, jumlah buah baik, jumlah buah buruk, bobot satu buah, bobot buah per tanaman, bobot buah per petak. Karakter Kualitatif yang diamati adalah tipe pertumbuhan, warna batang, bentuk daun, posisi bunga cabai, posisi putik cabai, warna buah mentah, warna buah masak, posisi buah, bentuk pangkal buah, bentuk buah dan bentuk ujung buah. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji F pada taraf 5%, apabila terdapat pengaruh yang nyata maka akan dilanjutkan dengan uji Dunnet 5%, menghitung potensi hasil untuk tanaman cabai merah besar dan untuk mengetahui hubungan antar karakter komponen hasil dan hasil dilakukan analisis korelasi sederhana. Nilai duga keragaman genetik menggunakan nilai Koefisien Keragaman Genetik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan galur harapan cabai merah besar berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua karakter kecuali diameter buah. Terdapat 6 calon galur harapan yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi dan berpotensi sebagai varietas baru yaitu G1 ( 27.3 ton ha-1), G3(25.53 ton ha-1), G8 (28.5 ton ha-1), G9 (29.86 ton ha-1), G10 (30.2 ton ha-1) dan G11 (28.87 ton ha-1). Nilai koefisien keragaman genetik dalam galur untuk semua karakter kuantitatif menunjukkan nilai rendah dan agak rendah, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa galur yang diuji sudah seragam. Galur Harapan yang terpilih juga menunjukkan keseragaman pada beberapa karakter kualitatif yang diamati diantaranya posisi bunga, posisi putik, posisi buah, bentuk pangkal buah, bentuk ujung, bentuk buah, warna batang tanaman. Sedangkan pada karakter tipe pertumbuhan, warna buah muda, warna buah masak dan bentuk daun masih terdapat keragaman dalam galur.
English Abstract
Red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of kinds of vegetables which have high economical value is liked many people. Based on chili production data in 2012 – 2014 years was 954.363 ton, 1012.879 ton and 1074.602 ton. Productivity in 2012 – 2014 was 7.93 ton ha, 8.16 tob ha, and 8.35 ton ha. It was low classified when it was compared with production potential which could acjieve 22 ton ha-1. There is need to increase the productivity of red pepper by developing high yield varieties though appropriate breeding work to meet demand of domestic markets. Variety of assembly needs some experiment, one of them was preliminary yield trial. It was done to know potential lines that was tested in order to it can be gotten variety that has high yield and good quality. The purpose of this research are to get information about potential lines that have high yield among 11 potential lines of red pepper. The research was conducted on october 2015 – may 2016, in Gesingan village, Pujon regency, Malang with altitude ± 1.100 m above sea level. The research used 12 treatments were 11 potential lines of red pepper that the result a crossing of TW2 x PBC 473 and Gantari as commercial variety. The research that used randomized block design with three replications. There are 20 plants in each experiment, the distance that was used was 60 x 40 cm. Observation parameter that was quantitative and qualitative characteristic. Quantitative characters observed are high plants, stem diameter , days to flowering, days to fruiting, fruit length, width fruit, number of fruit per plant, number of good fruit, number of rotten fruit, weight of fruit, weight of fruit per plant, weight of fruit per block. Qualitative characters observed are plant growth habit, stem color, leaf shape, flower position, stigma exserted, fruit colour at intermediate stage, fruit colour at mature stage, fruit position, fruit shape at pedicel attachment, fruit shape at blossom end, and fruit shape. Quantitative data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance by F test at 5 % level. If there is significant then followed by Dunnet’s test at 5% level. To know relationship between yield component and yield used correlation analysis. To know value of genetic variability used coefficient value of genetic variability. Qualitative character observation data will be presented in descriptions and images. The research result showed potential lines has significantly different in F test 5% level at 12 characters quantitative except width fruit. Based on yield potential and has a good appearance selected 6 potential lines that have the potential to be developed into varieties are G1, G3, G8, G9, G10 and G11 with the potential yield of each lines are 27.3 ton ha-1, 25.53 ton ha-1, 28.5 ton ha-1, 29.86 ton ha-1, 30.2 tons ha-1 and 28.87 ton ha-1. Characters plant height, fruit length, fruit width, number of good fruit, number of fruits per plant and the weight of fruit was positively correlated to the weight of fruit per plant. character plant height negatively correlated to the number of rotten fruit. Coefficient genetic variability value in potential lines for all quantitatif characters showed low value, so that it can be concluded that potential lines which was tested same potential lines that was chosen showing uniformity. Qualitative character showed uniformity on 11 potential lines except the character plant growth habit, the fruit color at intermediate stage, fruit color at mature stage and leaf shape.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/558/051609285 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Sugiantoro |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Nov 2016 09:29 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 13:25 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131565 |
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