IrmaSafitr, Ade (2016) Pengaruh Waktu Pemangkasan Pucuk dan Konsentrasi Giberelin pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Baby Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Baby buncis ialah sayuran polong yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi dan berkhasiat sebagai obat berbagai macam penyakit. Saat ini menurut data Badan Pusat Statistik (2015) produksi buncis meningkat pada tahun 2009 - 2013. Jumlah produksi tersebut masih belum cukup memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat, sehingga pemerintah Indonesia masih harus mengimpor 30,91 ton buncis pada tahun 2012 (Deptan, 2012). Kondisi tersebut dikarenakan semakin sempitnya luasan panen tanaman buncis dan masih rendahnya produktivitas jika dibandingkan dengan potensi hasil produksi varietas saat ini. Dimana rata-rata produktivitas buncis tahun 2014 sebesar 11,11 ton/ha (Dirjen Hortikultura, 2015), sedangkan potensi hasil beberapa varietas buncis yang ditanam di Indonesia berkisar dari 16,3 - 27,5 ton/ha (Soegianto et al., 2013). Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman buncis ialah dengan intensifikasi lahan melalui perbaikan teknik-teknik budidaya dengan menekan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan memaksimalkan pertumbuhan generatif tanaman. Pemangkasan pucuk dilakukan untuk menghambat dominansi apikal tanaman sehingga asimilat yang dihasilkan akan lebih terkonsentrasi pada perkembangan generatif tanaman dengan merangsang pertumbuhan tunas lateral yang lebih banyak yang diikuti keluarnya tangkai bunga. Pemberian giberelin dengan konsentrasi yang tepat saat awal berbunga berperan dalam proses penggiatan pembungaan serta menurunkan absisi bunga maupun buah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu pemangkasan pucuk dan konsentrasi giberelin yang tepat untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman baby buncis. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah (1) terdapat interaksi antara waktu pemangkasan pucuk dan konsentrasi giberelin yang dapat meningkatkan produksi tanaman pada baby buncis, dan (2) waktu pemangkasan pucuk dan konsentrasi giberelin tertentu mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman baby buncis. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga April 2016 di Desa Ngijo, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang. Alat yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini adalah gunting, cangkul, tugal, timbangan analitik, penggaris, ember, handsprayer, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), oven, label, kamera, tali rafia, ajir, knapsack sprayer, mulsa plastik hitam perak dan alat tulis. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi benih buncis verietas BC 038, Giberelin 20%, pupuk kandang ayam, Urea, ZA, KCl, SP-36, insektisida Metindo dan fungisida Antracol. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial yang terdiri dari 16 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali yaitu P0G0 (tanpa pemangkasan + konsentrasi 0 ppm), P0G1 (tanpa pemangkasan + konsentrasi 10 ppm), P0G2 (tanpa pemangkasan + konsentrasi 20 ppm), P0G3 (tanpa pemangkasan + konsentrasi 30 ppm), P1G0 (pemangkasan pucuk 14 hst + konsentrasi 0 ppm), P1G1 (pemangkasan pucuk 14 hst + konsentrasi 10 ppm), P1G2 (pemangkasan pucuk 14 hst + konsentrasi 20 ppm), P1G3 (pemangkasan pucuk 14 hst + konsentrasi 30 ppm), P2G0 (pemangkasan pucuk 35 hst + konsentrasi 0 ppm), P2G1 (pemangkasan pucuk 35 hst + konsentrasi 10 ppm), P2G2 (pemangkasan pucuk 35 hst + konsentrasi 20 ppm), P2G3 (pemangkasan pucuk 35 hst + konsentrasi 30 ppm), P3G0 (pemangkasan pucuk 14 dan 35 hst + konsentrasi 0 ppm), P3G1 (pemangkasan pucuk 14 dan 35 hst + konsentrasi 10 ppm), P3G2 (pemangkasan pucuk 14 dan 35 hst + konsentrasi 20 ppm), P3G3 (pemangkasan pucuk 14 dan 35 hst + konsentrasi 30 ppm). Parameter pengamatan yang diamati ialah pengamatan secara destruktif dengan cara mengambil 3 tanaman contoh untuk setiap perlakuan meliputi luas daun, panjang tanaman, dan bobot kering total tanaman. Pengamatan non destruktif meliputi jumlah daun, jumlah ruas dan jumlah cabang per tanaman. Pengamatan panen meliputi umur mulai berbunga, jumlah bunga per tanaman, jumlah tandan bunga per tanaman, umur mulai panen, jumlah polong per tanaman, bobot segar polong per tanaman, bobot polong segar per hektar, panjang polong dan diameter polong. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji F pada taraf 5% untuk mengetahui nyata tidaknya perlakuan. Apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata dari perlakuan, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji antar perlakuan dengan menggunakan uji BNT pada taraf 5%. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah waktu pemangkasan pucuk dan konsentrasi giberelin menunjukkan adanya interaksi pada jumlah daun, luas daun, jumlah ruas, berat kering total tanaman, jumlah bunga per tanaman, jumlah tandan bunga per tanaman, jumlah polong per tanaman, bobot polong segar per tanaman dan bobot polong segar per hektar. Aplikasi waktu pemangkasan pucuk dua kali (14 dan 35 hst) dan konsentrasi giberelin 20 ppm meningkatkan hasil panen bobot polong segar per tanaman 39,89% dan bobot polong segar per hektar 44,65% dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Waktu pemangkasan pucuk 35 hst menunjukkan umur mulai panen lebih awal dibandingkan waktu pemangkasan pucuk lainnya. Konsentrasi giberelin tidak memberikan pengaruh pada pertumbuhan dan hasil baby buncis.
English Abstract
Baby bean is a kind of pods vegetable which has high economic value and efficacious as mediciene of various diseases. Currently, Badan Pusat Statistik (2015) said production of bean increase at 2009 - 2013. Amount of production are not still enough to supply the people needs, so government should imported 30.91 tons of beans in 2012 (Deptan, 2012). This is also, due to the comparison of limited harvest area of beans plant and low productivity with the potential production varieties. Where as the average productivity of beans in 2014 amounted to 11.11 tons/ha (Direktorat Jendral Hortikultura, 2015), while the potential results of several varieties of beans grown in Indonesia ranges from 16.3 to 27.5 tons/ha (Soegianto et al., 2013). Efforts should be made to increase the productivity of bean plants is land intensification through improved cultivation techniques to suppress the growth of vegetative and generative plant maximize growth. Pruning shoot inhibit the shoot apical dominance that assimilates the resulting plants will be more concentrated on the development of the generative plant by stimulating the growth of lateral shoots were more that followed the release of the flower stalk. Giving giberelin appropriate concentrations at the beginning of flowering role in the activation of flowering as well as lower interest and fruit abscission. This research was determine shoot pruning timing and giberelin concentration to increase the production of baby beans. The hypothesis of this research were (1) Shoot pruning timing and gibberellin concentrations can increase the production of baby beans, (2) shoot pruing timing increase the growth and yield of baby green beans, and (3) gibberellin concentrations increase the growth and yield of baby green beans. This study was conducted in February to April 2016 in the Ngijo village, Karangploso district, Malang. The tools used in this experiment was scissor, hoes, drill, analytical scale, ruler, bucket, handsprayer, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), oven, label, cameras, rope, stake, knapsack sprayer, black plastic mulch silver and stationery. Materials used in the study include bean seed verietas 038 BC, Giberelin, chicken manure, Urea, ZA, KCl, SP-36, Metindo insecticide and Antracol fungicide. The design used was a randomized block design (RAK) factorial consisting of 16 treatment and repeated 3 times that P0G0 (without shoot pruning + concentration 0 ppm), P0G1 (without shoot pruning + concentration 10 ppm), P0G2 (without shoot pruning + concentration 20 ppm), P0G3 (without shoot pruning + concentration 30 ppm), P1G0 (shoot pruning 14 hst + concentration 0 ppm), P1G1 (shoot pruning 14 hst + concentration 10 ppm), P1G2 (shoot pruning 14 hst + concentration 20 ppm), P1G3 (shoot pruning 14 hst + concentration 30 ppm), P2G0 (shoot pruning 35 hst + concentration 0 ppm), P2G1 (shoot pruning 35 hst + concentration 10 ppm), P2G2 (shoot pruning 35 hst + concentration 20 ppm), P2G3 (shoot pruning 35 hst + concentration 30 ppm), P3G0 (shoot pruning 14 and 35 dap + concentration 0 ppm), P3G1 (shoot pruning 14 and 35 dap + concentration 10 ppm), P3G2 (shoot pruning 14 and 35 dap + concentration 20 ppm), P3G3 (shoot pruning 14 and 35 dap + concentration of 30 ppm). Parameters observed was destructively observation which took three examples for each treatment plant that covers an area of leaves, plant length, and the total dry weight of the plant. Non destructive observations include the number of leaves, number of segments, the number of branches per plant. Observations flowering age, number of flowers per plant, number of of flowers bunches per plant, start of harvest age, number of pods per plant, fresh weight of pods per plant, fresh weight of pods per hectare, pod length and pod diameter. The data analyzed were using F test at 5% level to find out the real absence of treatment. If there is a real effect of treatment, then continued with test between treatments using LSD at 5% level. The results of this research showed that shoot pruning timing and giberelin concentration gave an interaction on the number of leaves, leaf area, number of segments, total dry weight of the plant, number of flowers per plant, number of flower bunches, number of pods per plant, fresh weight of pods per plant and fresh weight of pod per hectare. Application shoot pruning timing twice (14 and 35 dap) and gibberellin concentration 20 ppm increase fresh weight of pod per plant 39.89% and fresh weight of pods per hectare 44.65% compared to the other treatments. Shoot pruning at 35 HST showed start of harvest age earlier than other shoots pruning timing. Concentration gibberellin had no effect on the growth and yield of baby beans.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/557/051609284 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Sugiantoro |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Nov 2016 09:22 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 13:24 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131564 |
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