Analisis Keunggulan Komparatif Dan Kompetitif Usahatani Jagung (Zea Mays L.): Pendekatan Pam (Studi Kasus Di Desa Sumber Wetan, Kecamatan Kedopok, Kota Probolinggo)

DewiHidayaningtyas, Puspita (2016) Analisis Keunggulan Komparatif Dan Kompetitif Usahatani Jagung (Zea Mays L.): Pendekatan Pam (Studi Kasus Di Desa Sumber Wetan, Kecamatan Kedopok, Kota Probolinggo). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan komoditas pertanian yang penting. Jagung menjadi salah satu sumber karbohidrat terpenting di dunia, setelah tanaman gandum dan padi. Jagung selain digunakan sebagai bahan pangan (food), juga digunakan sebagai bahan pakan (feed) dan bahan bakar (fuel). Permintaan jagung yang semakin besar harus diimbangi dengan peningkatan produksi jagung, sehingga Indonesia tidak harus bergantung dengan impor dari negara lain untuk dapat mencukupi kebutuhan dalam negeri. Pengembangan usahatani jagung di sentra produksi jagung diperlukan agar Indonesia dapat mengurangi impor jagung. Desa Sumber Wetan, Kecamatan Kedopok merupakan salah satu desa penghasil jagung di Kota Probolinggo. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Sumber Wetan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan input produksi, biaya serta pendapatan usahatani jagung, menganalisis keunggulan komparatif dan keunggulan kompetitif usahatani jagung serta menganalisis pengaruh perubahan harga output dan harga input terhadap keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif usahatani jagung di Desa Sumber Wetan. Metode penentuan lokasi pada penelitian ini dilakukan secara purposive yaitu di Desa Sumber Wetan, Kecamatan Kedopok, Kota Probolinggo. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-April 2016. Responden yang diambil untuk penelitian ini sebanyak 40 petani jagung. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pendekatan PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix) untuk mengukur tingkat keunggulan komparatif dengan indikator DRCR (Domestic Resource Cost Ratio) dan mengukur tingkat keunggulan kompetitif dengan indikator PCR (Private Cost Ratio). Penelitian ini juga menggunakan analisis sensitivitas untuk mengetahui perubahan tingkat keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif yang terjadi akibat adanya perubahan harga output dan harga input tradable pupuk anorganik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usahatani jagung di Desa Sumber Wetan, Kecamatan Kedopok, Kota Probolinggo memiliki keunggulan komparatif dengan nilai DRCR sebesar 0,438 atau kurang dari 1. Hal ini berarti usahatani jagung di Desa Sumber Wetan telah efisien dalam penggunaan sumberdaya yang dimiliki sehingga mampu menggunakan sumberdaya domestik lebih kecil untuk menghasilkan satu satuan devisa. Usahatani jagung di Desa Sumber Wetan, Kecamatan Kedopok, Kota Probolinggo juga memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dengan nilai PCR sebesar 0,547 yang artinya usahatani jagung di Desa Sumber Wetan efisien secara finansial. Nilai PCR kurang dari 1 artinya usahatani telah mampu membiayai sumberdaya domestik pada harga aktual. Analisis sensitivitas yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa perubahan harga pupuk anorganik, harga output jagung mempengaruhi penurunan tingkat keunggulan komparatif dan keunggulan kompetitif usahatani jagung di Desa Sumber Wetan. Terdapat tiga simulasi yang digunakan yaitu kenaikan harga pupuk anorganik yaitu pupuk Urea, pupuk Phonska dan pupuk ZA masing-masing sebesar 10 dan 20 persen, penurunan harga jagung sebesar 10 dan 15 persen, serta kenaikan harga pupuk anorganik yaitu pupuk Urea, pupuk Phonska dan pupuk ZA masing-masing sebesar 15 persen dan secara bersamaan harga output turun sebesar 15 persen. Hasil analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa penurunan tingkat keunggulan komparatif tertinggi terjadi saat harga pupuk anorganik naik sebesar 20 persen dengan penurunan mencapai 22,3 persen. Penurunan tingkat keunggulan kompetitif tertinggi terjadi saat harga output jagung turun sebesar 15 persen dengan penurunan mencapai 20,78 persen. Saran yang dapat diberikan terkait hasil penelitian antara lain peningkatan produksi usahatani jagung dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan benih unggul yang tahan terhadap hama dan penyakit serta pupuk anorganik yang sesuai anjuran. Peningkatan keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif usahatani jagung dapat dilakukan dengan mengoptimalkan penggunaan input produksi seperti pupuk anorganik serta pemanfaatan teknologi. Selain itu, perlu adanya dukungan pemerintah terhadap harga jagung lokal serta pemberian subsidi pada input produksi usahatani jagung

English Abstract

Trade between countries is now entering the era of free trade mechanisms that allow countries to trade without barriers. Southeast Asia itself has imposed AEC (ASEAN Economic Community) since the end of 2015. Free trade provides opportunities and challenges for Indonesia, including in the agricultural sector. Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important agricultural commodities. Corn became one of the most important source of carbohydrate in the world, after wheat and rice. Corn is also used as food, also used as feed material, and fuel. Growing demand for corn should be offset by increased production of corn, so that Indonesia does not have to depend on imports from other countries to be able to meet the domestic demand. Development of maize farming in maize production centers is needed for Indonesia to reduce the import of maize. Sumber Wetan Village, Kedopok Subdistrict is one corn-producing village in Probolinggo City. This research was conducted in Sumber Wetan Village to determine the use of production inputs, costs and income from corn farming, analyzing comparative advantages and competitive advantages of corn farming and analyze the effects of changes in output prices and input prices on the comparative and competitive advantages corn farming in Sumber Wetan. The method of determining the location of this research is purposive, namely in Sumber Wetan, Kedopok Subdistrict, Probolinggo City. This study was conducted in March-April 2016. Respondents were drawn for this study were 40 corn farmers. The method used in the data analysis in this research is to use PAM approach (Policy Analysis Matrix) to measure the level of comparative advantage DRCR indicator (Domestic Resource Cost Ratio) and measure the level of competitive advantage by PCR indicator (Private Cost Ratio). This study also used a sensitivity analysis to determine changes in the level of comparative and competitive advantages that occur due to changes in the price of tradable output and input prices of inorganic fertilizers. The results showed that maize farming in Sumber Wetan, Kedopok Subdistrict, Probolinggo City has a comparative advantage with DRCR of 0,438 or less than 1. This means the farming of corn in Sumber Wetan has been efficient in the use of their resources so that they can use domestic resources less to produce one unit of foreign exchange. Corn farming in Sumber Wetan, District Kedopok, Kota Probolinggo also have a competitive advantage with the PCR value of 0.547 which means the cultivation of maize in Sumber Wetan efficient financially. PCR value less than 1 means that the farm has been able to finance domestic resources at the actual price. The sensitivity analysis conducted showed that the changes in prices of inorganic fertilizers, the price of corn affects output decreased levels of comparative advantage and competitive advantage of corn farming in Sumber Wetan. There are three simulations were used that the rise in prices of inorganic fertilizers such as urea fertilizer, Phonska and ZA respectively by 10 and 20 percent, the price of corn by 10 and 15 percent, as well as the rise in prices of inorganic fertilizers such as urea fertilizer, Phonska and ZA fertilizer respectively by 15 percent and simultaneously output prices fell by 15 percent. The results of the sensitivity analysis shows that a decrease in the level of the highest comparative advantage occurs when the price of inorganic fertilizer rose by 20 percent to reach 22.3 percent decline. A decrease in the level of the highest competitive advantage occurs when the price of corn output fell by 15 percent to reach 20.78 percent decline. Increased production of corn farming can be done with the use of superior seeds that are resistant to pests and diseases as well as inorganic fertilizer as recommended. Increased comparative and competitive advantages corn farming can be done by optimizing the use of production inputs such as inorganic fertilizers and the use of technology. In addition, the need for government support for local corn prices as well as providing subsidy on corn farm production inputs.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FP/2016/532/051609219
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agribisnis
Depositing User:	Sugiantoro
Date Deposited:	20 Dec 2016 10:43
Last Modified:	19 Oct 2021 12:50
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131538

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