MinarAlbertNandusMarpaung, Yosep (2016) Keanekaragaman Jamur Entomopatogen Pada Tanah Pertanian Organik Dan Konvensional Di Bumiaji, Batu, Jawa Timur Dan Virulensinya Terhadap Spodoptera Litura Fabricius. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanah merupakan habitat alami jamur entomopatogen. Banyak spesies jamur entomopatogen terutama dari ordo Hyporeales (Ascomycota) mendiami tanah ketika berada di luar inang serangga. Jamur entomopatogen menyebar di berbagai macam tipe habitat tanah termasuk pada tanah pertanian organik dan konvensional. Perbedaan praktik budidaya dari kedua lahan menyebabkan perbedaan keanekaragaman jamur entomopatogen di dalam tanah. Jamur entomopatogen yang berasal dari tanah pertanian organik dan konvensional dapat digunakan sebagai agens pengendali hayati serangga hama. Salah satu hama yang dapat dikendalikan dengan menggunakan jamur entomopatogen adalah Spodoptera litura. Studi tentang keanaekaragaman jamur entomopatogen pada tanah dari lahan yang berbeda tingkat pengolahannya dapat membantu memantau berfungsinya agroekosistem. Pengetahuan tentang komposisi spesies jamur entomopatogen dari tanah dengan sistem pertanian organik dan konvensional juga berguna untuk mengetahui potensi jamur entomopatogen sebagai pengendali hama tanaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Nematologi, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2016. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni metode survei, ekplorasi dan komparasi. Survei dilaksanakan dengan melakukan wawancara petani pemilik lahan dan mengamati kondisi lahan secara langsung. Eksplorasi jamur entomopatogen diambil dari tanah pertanian organik dan konvensional di Bumiaji, Batu, Jawa Timur dan diidentifikasi hingga tingkat genus. Komparasi dilakukan untuk membandingkan kondisi kedua lahan, keanekaragaman jamur entomopatogen dan virulensinya terhadap S.litura. Jamur entomopatogen yang ditemukan dari tanah pertanian organik sebanyak 16 isolat dari 6 genus jamur, yaitu: Beauveria, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Fusarium, Aspergillus dan Gliocladium. Pada tanah pertanian konvensional ditemukan 10 isolat jamur entomopatogen dari 3 genus, yaitu: Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Fusarium dan isolat Cg-KX1 yang belum teridentifikasi. Keanekaragaman jamur entomopatogen pada lahan organik lebih tinggi (2,614) dibandingkan lahan konvensional (2,202). Pada lahan organik, virulensi tertinggi dihasilkan oleh Beauveria sp.1 yang menyebabkan mortalitas S. litura sebesar 63,34% serta yang terendah dihasilkan oleh Fusarium sp. 5 dan Gliocladium sp. sebesar 0%. Sedangkan pada lahan konvensional, virulensi tertinggi dihasilkan oleh Metarhizium sp. 8 yang menyebabkan mortalitas S. litura sebesar 46,67% dan yang terendah dihasilkan oleh Fusarium sp. 9 sebesar 0%.
English Abstract
Soil is a natural habitat for entomopathogenic fungi. Many species of entomopathogenic fungi belonging Hypocreales (Ascomycota) inhabit the soil when outside of their insect host. Entomopathogenic fungi spread in various of habitat type of soil include in soil from organic and conventional farming systems. The diffrence of cultivation both the agriculture systems causes the differnce diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in soil. Entomopathogenic fungi from soil in a organic and conventional farming systems can be used to control of the pests of plants. One pest that can be controlled by the entomopathogenic fungi is Spodoptera litura. Studies on the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in soil from fields differing in the level of farming intensity can help to monitor the functioning of agroecosystem. Knowledge the spesies composition of entomopathogenic in soil from fields cultivated in a organic and conventional system can be also assessing the potential of entomopathogenic fungi as pests control. The research was conducted at the laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang on February to June 2016. The method used in this research were survey methods, exploration and comparison. Survey was conducted by interviewing the farmers and observing the field directly. Exploration of entomopathogenic fungi was taken from soil in organic and conventional system in Bumiaji, Batu, East Java and identified until the genus level. Comparison was conducted to compare both organic and conventional field system characteristic, diversity of entomopathogenic fungi and the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi against S.litura. Entomopathogenic fungi was found in soil from organic field as many as 16 isolates of 6 genus were Beauveria, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Fusarium, Aspergillus dan gliocladium. Whereas in conventional field was found as many as 10 isolates of 3 genus were Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Fusarium dan Cg-KX1 unidentified fungi. Diversity index of entomopatogenic fungi from soil in a cultivated in organic system (2,614) higher than conventional system (2,202). The highest virulence from organic field was obtained by Beauveria sp.1 with 63.34% and the lowest were obtained by Fusarium sp. 5, Gliocladium sp. 0% respectively. Whereas in conventional field, the highest virulence was obtained by Metarhizium sp. 8 with 46.67% and the lowest was obtained by Fusarium sp. with 0%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/516/051609203 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Sugiantoro |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Dec 2016 08:42 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 12:31 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131520 |
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