Halmedan, Jemy (2016) Respon Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Saccharata) Terhadap Aplikasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (Pgpr) Dan Pupuk Kandang Ayam. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung merupakan tanaman pangan yang memiliki banyak fungsi, salah satunya tongkol jagung dapat digunakan sebagai bahan makanan sedangkan limbah dari tanaman jagung sering digunakan sebagai pakan ternak. Salah satu jenis jagung yang memiliki permintaan besar dalam berbagai industri adalah jagung manis. Menurut Badan Pusat Statistik (2014) selisih rata-rata laju pertumbuhan antara produksi dan konsumsi jagung selama 2008-2012 adalah 2,2% per tahun, yang telah didominasi oleh laju pertumbuhan konsumsi dalam per tahunya, sehingga konsumsi lebih cepat dibandingkan laju pertumbuhan produksi tanaman jagung. Rendahnya produksi jagung nasional dalam memenuhi permintaan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal diantaranya terhadap, luas lahan pertanian yang semakin menyempit dari tahun ketahun, serangan hama dan penyakit serta penggunaan pestisida dan pupuk anorganik secara berlebihan. Penggunaan pestisida dan pupuk anorganik yang berlebihan dapat menimbulkan masalah yang besar terutama bagi kesehatan tanah dan mengakibatkan penurunan produktivitas tanaman. Upaya dalam menangani masalah tersebut yaitu dengan penggunaan Plant Gowth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) dan penambahan bahan organik berupa pupuk kandang ayam. Menurut McMillan (2007) PGPR aktif mengkoloni akar tanaman dengan memiliki tiga peran utama bagi tanaman yaitu sebagai biofertilizer, biostimulan dan bioprotektan. Sebagai penyedia unsur hara bagi tanaman dan lingkungan yang seimbang bagi bakteri diperlukan penambahan bahan organik. Pemberian pupuk kandang ayam diasumsikan dapat menyediakan nutrisi bagi PGPR, sehingga mikroorganisme dalam PGPR mampu bertahan pada lingkungan rizosfer dan menjalankan fungsinya. Tujuan percobaan adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi yang tepat pemberian pupuk kandang ayam dan Plant Gowth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman Jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata). Hipotesis dari penelitian ini yaitu: Terjadi interaksi antara pemberian PGPR dan pupuk kandang ayam pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis ; Pemberian PGPR yang semakin tinggi, akan membutuhkan pupuk kadang ayam semakin besar. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus - Desember 2015, di Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang. Lokasi percobaan terletak pada ketinggian tempat ± 320 m dpl. Pelaksanaan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama pemberian pupuk kandang ayam dengan 3 taraf yaitu: Tanpa pupuk kandang ayam (K1); Pupuk kandang ayam 10 t ha-1 (K2); Pupuk kandang ayam 20 t ha-1 (K3). Faktor kedua pemberian PGPR (V) dengan 4 taraf yaitu : tanpa PGPR (V1); PGPR 10 ml l-1 air (V2); PGPR 20 ml l-1 air (V3); PGPR 30 ml l-1 air (V4). Sehingga didapatkan dua belas kombinasi perlakuan dan masing-masing kombinasi perlakuan menggunakan ulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Pengamatan yang ii dilakukan meliputi tinggi tanaman (cm), diameter batang (mm), jumlah daun (helai), luas daun (cm2), indeks luas daun (ILD), bobot akar (g), CGR (g m-2 hari -1), panjang tongkol tanpa kelobot (cm), dimeter tongkol tanpa kelobot (cm), bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot (g), bobot tongkol dengan kelobot (g), bobot tongkol persatuan hektar (t ha-1). Jika perlakuan menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada uji F, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut DMRT 5%. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa, kombinasi paling tepat yaitu pada pemberian PGPR 30 ml l-1 air dan 20 t ha-1 pupuk kandang ayam yang menunjukkan nilai tertinggi apabila dibandingakan dengan perlakuan kontrol. Interaksi antara PGPR dan pupuk kandang ayam berpengaruh nyata, serta meningkatkan tinggi tanaman 144,67 cm, luas daun 5678,87 cm2, Luas Indeks daun 3,28, bobot akar 133,60 g, CGR 2,16 g m-2 hari-1, bobot tongkol dengan kelobot 421,81 g, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot 344,37 g dan bobot tongkol perhektar 23,40 t ha-1 dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol. Pada parameter yang tidak terdapat interaksi antara PGPR dan pupuk kandang ayam antara lain, diameter batang, jumlah daun, panjang tongkol dan diameter tongkol tanpa kelobot. Hasil tanaman pemberian PGPR 30 ml l-1 air dan 20 t ha-1 pupuk kandang ayam mampu meningkatkan hasil 42,67% apabila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol.
English Abstract
Maize is a crop that has many functions, one of which corn cob can be used as food while the waste from corn plants are often used as animal feed. One type of corn that has a huge demand in various industries is sweet corn. According to According to Central Bureau of Statistics (2014), the average difference between the growth rate of production and consumption of corn during 2008-2012 was 2.2% a year, which has been dominated by the growth of consumption a year, so that consumption is faster than the growth rate of production of corn. The low national corn production to meet demand is influenced by several things including, agricultural area which narrowed from year to year, in pests and diseases as well as the use of pesticides and an inorganic fertilizers excessively. The use of pesticides and an inorganic fertilizers were exaggerated cause big problem sparticularly for the health of the soil and lead to a decrease in crop productivity. Efforts in addressing the above problems is by the use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and the addition of organic matter in the form of chicken manure. According to McMillan (2007) active PGPR colonize plant roots with having three main roles for the plant is as biofertilizer, biostimulan and bioprotektan. As a provider of plant nutrients and a balanced environment for bacteria required the addition of organic matter. Chicken manure application is assumed to can be provide nutrients for PGPR, so that microorganisms in PGPR can survive in the rhizosphere environment and perform its functions. Purpose of the experiment is to know influence right combination of chicken manure application and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the growth and productivity of plants sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata). The hypothesis of this study are: There is interaction between PGPR the provision of and chicken manure on growth and yield of sweet corn; PGPR Granting goes higher, would in need of the greater chicken manure. The experiment was conducted in August-December 2015 in the village of Jatikerto, Kromengan subdistrict, Malang. Trial sites located at the altitude of ± 320 meteer above sea level. Implementation of the experiment using a randomized block design factorial (RBDF) with two factors. The first factor chicken manure with 3 levels : Without the chicken manure (K1); Chicken manure 10 t ha-1 (K2); Chicken manure 20 t ha-1 (K3). The second factor is the provision of PGPR (V) with four levels ie: without PGPR (V1); PGPR 10 ml l-1 water (V2); PGPR 20 ml l-1 water (V3); PGPR 30 ml l-1 water (V4). So that got twelve treatment combinations and each is combined treatment using replay much as three times. The observations made in terms of height (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves (leaf), leaf area (cm2), leaf area index (ILD), root weight (g), CGR (g m-2 day-1 ), the length of the cob without husk (cm), dimeter cob without husk (cm), weight cob without husk (g), corncob with husk (g), corncob unity hectare (t ha-1). If the treatments showed significant difference in the test F, then continued with advance test DMRT 5%. iv Results of the experiment show that the combination of the most appropriate, namely granting of PGPR 30 ml l-1 water and 20 t ha-1 of chicken manure that shows the highest value if it is compared with the control treatment. The interaction between PGPR and chicken manure significantly, as well as increased plant height 144.67 cm, 5678.87 cm2 leaf area, leaf area index 3.28, root weight 133.60 g, CGR 2.16 g m-2 day-1, corncob with husk 421.81 g, the weight of 344.37 g cob without husk and cob weight per hectare of 23.40 t ha-1 compared to control treatment. On the parameters there is no interaction between PGPR and chicken manure, among others, stem diameter, leaf number, length and diameter cob cob without husk. Crop yields granting of 30 ml l-1 water and 20 t ha-1 of chicken manure is able to increase the yield of 42.67% when compared to the control treatment.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/178/ 051604726 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 24 May 2016 14:06 |
| Last Modified: | 24 May 2016 14:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131153 |
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