Wibowo, KartikaNovitasari (2016) Eksplorasi Khamir Dari Rizosfir Tanaman Tomat Organik Dan Non Organik Serta Uji Potensi Antagonis Terhadap Patogen Fusarium Oxysporum Penyebab Layu Fusarium Pada Tanaman Tomat. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) merupakan jenis sayuran yang banyak digemari karena rasanya enak, segar dan sedikit asam serta mengandung banyak vitamin A, vitamin C, dan sedikit vitamin B (Balai Informasi Pertanian, 1993). Pada tahun 2011 produksi tomat mencapai 954.046 ton, dan menurun pada tahun 2012 menjadi 887.556 ton. Penurunan produksi tomat salah satunya disebabkan oleh gangguan mikroba patogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Alternatif pengendalian dengan memanfaatkan potensi khamir pada daerah rizosfir yang berperan dalam perlindungan tanaman yakni sebagai agens pengendali hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memperoleh jenis khamir yang terdapat pada rizosfir tanaman tomat organik dan non organik serta mengetahui daya antagonismenya terhadap F. oxysporum penyebab layu fusarium tanaman tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikologi Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang pada bulan Maret sampai September 2015. Eksplorasi khamir diambil pada rizosfir tanaman tomat lahan pertanian organik di Desa Penanggungan, Kecamatan Trawas dan lahan pertanian non organik di Desa Tlekung, Kecamatan Junrejo, serta uji antagonis khamir yang diperoleh terhadap F. oxysporum pada media PDA. Khamir yang diperoleh dari lahan pertanian organik sebanyak 6 isolat khamir antara lain Candida sp. 1, Pichia sp. 1, Hansenula sp., Metschnikowia sp. 1, Cryptococcus sp., dan Zygosaccharomyces sp. Sedangkan dari lahan pertanian non organik sebanyak 3 isolat antara lain Pichia sp. 2, Metschnikowia sp. 2, dan Candida sp. 2. Nilai keanekaragaman khamir lahan pertanian organik dan non organik >3 yakni 4,997 dan 4,836 yang termasuk kategori keanekaragaman tinggi. Nilai dominasi khamir lahan pertanian organik dan non organik <0,5 yakni 0,272 dan 0,343 yang termasuk kategori dominasi rendah. Nilai keseragaman khamir lahan pertanian organik dan non organik >1 yakni 2,789 dan 4,402 yang termasuk kategori keseragaman tinggi. Hasil uji antagonis tertinggi pada khamir Zygosaccharomyces sp. sebesar 62,21% dari lahan pertanian organik dan khamir Pichia sp. 2 sebesar 74,44% dari lahan pertanian non organik.
English Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is a popular vegetable because it tastes good, fresh and slightly sour and contains so much vitamin A, vitamin C, and slightly vitamin B (Hall Agricultural Information, 1993). In 2011, tomatoes production reached 954.046 tons, and descending in 2012 be 887.556 tons. One of the reasons the drop in tomatoes production is caused by a disorder of pathogenic microbes Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Alternative restraint use yeast potency in tomato’s rhizosphere which plays role as plant protection in biological control. This research aims to know and obtain yeast in tomato’s rhizosphere at organic and non organic field and the potential of antagonism against F. oxysporum as the cause of tomato’s fusarium wilt. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang on March until September 2015. Exploration of yeast from tomato’s rhizosphere was taken in the Penanggungan village, Trawas district as organic field and Tlekung village, Junrejo district as non organic field, and testing antagonistic yeast obtained against F. oxysporum on PDA media. Yeast which was obtained from organic field as many as 6 isolates were Candida sp. 1, Pichia sp. 1, Hansenula sp., Metschnikowia sp. 1, Cryptococcus sp., and Zygosaccharomyces sp. Yeast which was obtained from non organic field as many as 3 isolates were Pichia sp. 2, Metschnikowia sp. 2, and Candida sp. 2. Diversity index of yeast on tomato’s rhizosphere from organic and non organic field were grouped into high diversity (4,997 and 4,836). Domination index of yeast from organic and non organic field were grouped into low domination (0,272 and 0,343). Uniformity index of yeast from organic and non organic field were grouped into high uniformity (2,789 and 4,402). Based on the highest antagonist test on Zygosaccharomyces sp. yeast were 62,21% from organic field and Pichia sp. 2 yeast were 74,44% from non organic field.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/126/ 051604068 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Jun 2016 09:07 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Jun 2016 09:07 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131096 |
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