Ginting, SenatorSion (2015) Keragaman Sifat Fisik Tanah Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pori Makro Pada Lahan Kelapa Sawit Di Jambi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Konversi hutan menjadi kawasan perkebunan kelapa sawit monokultur di Dusun Baru, Provinsi Jambi menyebabkan terjadinya degradasi sifat fisik tanah. Degradasi tersebut berhubungan dengan menurunnya keragaman dan luas penutupan tajuk, berubahnya struktur perakaran, menurunnya jenis dan masukan bahan organik, dan berkurangnya aktivitas keragaman biota tanah. Pada lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit monokultur (gawangan mati, piringan, dan gawangan terbuka) memiliki kondisi sifat fisik tanah yang berbeda dalam mempengaruhi pori makro tanah. Beberapa hasil penelitian mengenai sifat fisik tanah terhadap distribusi pori tanah di zona yang berbeda pada perkebunan kelapa sawit monokultur telah dilakukan di beberapa daerah. Namun, pengaruh kondisi tanah pada zona gawangan mati, piringan, dan gawangan terbuka tersebut masih perlu dikaji khususnya terhadap pori makro tanah. Pengamatan pori makro vertikal dan horizontal dilakukan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2014 dengan menggunakan metode pewarnaan methylene blue, dan perhitungan secara kuantitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi image-J dan photoshop di Laboratorium PSISDL. Analisis sifat fisik tanah (berat isi, berat jenis, tekstur, kemantapan agregat, kadar air pada pF 0 dan pF 2,5) dan sifat kimia tanah (C-organik) dilakukan di laboratorium Fisika dan Kimia Tanah pada bulan Januari – Februari 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah pori makro pada semua bidang irisan di zona gawangan mati lebih tinggi dari zona piringan dan gawangan terbuka pada tanah lapisan atas (0-25 cm). Jumlah pori makro pada semua bidang irisan di zona gawangan mati, piringan, dan gawangan terbuka menunjukkan perbedaan yang relatif kecil pada kedalaman (50-100 cm). Jumlah pori makro pada semua bidang irisan di zona piringan lebih tinggi dari zona gawangan terbuka pada kedalaman (0-25 cm), namun pada kedalaman (25-100 cm), jumlah pori makro di zona piringan dan gawangan terbuka menunjukkan perbedaan yang relatif kecil. Peningkatan 1% (C-organik, porositas, total pori, pori makro matriks), indek kemantapan agregat 1 DMR menyebabkan peningkatan pori makro vertikal depan masing-masing sebesar 1,70%, 0,19%, 0,16%, 0,14%, 0,67%, 0,15%, sedangkan peningkatan 1 g cm-3 berat isi menyebabkan penurunan pori makro vertikal depan sebesar 9,01%. Peningkatan 1% (C-organik, porositas, total pori, pori makro matriks), indek kemantapan agregat 1 DMR menyebabkan peningkatan pori makro vertikal samping masing-masing sebesar 1,50%, 0,21%, 0,18%, 0,14%, 0,67%, sedangkan peningkatan 1 g cm-3 berat isi menyebabkan penurunan pori makro vertikal samping sebesar 10,01%. Peningkatan 1% (porositas, total pori, pori makro matriks) menyebabkan peningkatan pori makro horizontal masing-masing sebesar 0,51%, 0,32%, 0,46%, sedangkan peningkatan 1 g cm-3 berat isi menyebabkan penurunan pori makro horizontal sebesar 21,69%.
English Abstract
Conversion of forests into monoculture oil palm plantations in Dusun Baru, Province of Jambi causes the degradation of soil physical properties. The degradation associated with reduced diversity and broad crown, changing root structure, declining species and inputs of organic matter, and reduced activity of soil biota diversity. In the monoculture oil palm plantations (frond stack, weeded circle, and inter row) has the physical properties of the soil conditions are different in influencing macropores. Some results of research on soil physical properties of the soil pore distribution in different zones on monoculture oil palm plantations has been done in some areas. However, the effect of soil conditions on frond stack zone, weeded circle zone, and inter row zone still needs to be studied in particular to macropores. Observation of vertical and horizontal macropores conducted in July-August 2014 using methylene blue staining method, and the quantitative calculations performed using Image-J and Photoshop application at Laboratory PSISDL. Analysis of soil physical properties (bulk density, particle density, teksture, aggregate stability, pF 0 and pF 2,5) and soil chemical properties (organic C) is done in the laboratory of Soil Physics and Soil Chemistry in January - February 2015. The result of the research shows that the number of macropores in all slice areas in the frond stack zone is higher than weeded circle zone and inter row zone on the top layer of soil (0-25 cm). Number of macropores in all slice areas in the frond stack zone, weeded circle zone, and inter row zone demonstrate a relatively small difference in depth (50-100 cm). Number of macropores in all slice areas of the weeded circle zone is higher than inter row zone at depth (0-25 cm), but at a depth (25-100 cm), the number of macropores in the weeded circle zone and inter row zone show relatively small differences. Increasing of 1% (organic C, porosity, total pore, macropores matrix), the aggregate stability index 1 DMR causes increased vertical macropores forward respectively by 1,70%, 0,19%, 0,16%, 0,14%, 0,67%, 0,15%, while an increase of 1 g cm-3 bulk density causes a decrease in the next vertical macropores of 9,01%. Increasing of 1% (organic C, porosity, total pore, macropores matrix), the aggregate stability index 1 DMR cause increased side vertical macropores respectively 1,50%, 0,21%, 0,18%, 0,14%, 0,67%, while an increase of 1 g cm-3 bulk density causes a decrease in the side vertical macropores 10,01%. Increasing of 1% (porosity, total pore, macropores matrix) causes an increase in horizontal macropores respectively by 0,51%, 0,32%, 0,46%, while an increase of 1 g cm-3 bulk density causes a decrease macropores horizontal by 21,69%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2015/789/ 051509608 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Jan 2016 10:08 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Jan 2016 10:08 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130823 |
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