Iriani, YoanitaFadlilah (2015) Uji Efektivitas Beberapa Teknik Ekstraksi Terhadap Mutu Benih Dua Varietas Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tomat Tergolong Salah Satu Komoditas Sayuran Buah Multiguna Dan Banyak Digemari Oleh Masyarakat, Sehingga Mempunyai Prospek Pemasaran Yang Cerah. Permintaan Konsumen Terhadap Produk Tomat Cenderung Terus Meningkat Dari Waktu Kewaktu Seiring Dengan Tingkat Kesadaran Masyarakat Akan Nilai Kecukupan Gizi. Potensi Pasar Yang Menjanjikan Mendorong Dilakukannya Upaya Peningkatan Produksi Dalam Rangka Memenuhi Kebutuhan Pasar Akan Tomat, Salah Satunya Dengan Penggunaan Varietas Tomat Hibrida. Kini Banyak Produsen Benih Hibrida Yang Berlomba-Lomba Menghasilkan Varietas Hibrida Dengan Berbagai Macam Keunggulan, Namun Sebaik Apapun Varietas Hibrida Yang Mampu Dihasilkan Oleh Breeder Akan Mengalami Penurunan Mutu Apabila Penanganan Benih Tidak Tepat. Permasalahan Yang Timbul Dari Benih Tomat Salah Satunya Ialah Keberadaan Lendir Yang Menempel Pada Biji. Lendir Yang Masih Menempel Pada Benih Akan Menghambat Proses Perkecambahan, Karena Lendir Tersebut Merupakan Zat Penghambat (Inhibitor). Warna Merah Buah Tomat Mengandung Pigmen Likopen Yang Merupakan Bagian Dari Karotenoid, Dan Karotenoid Adalah Bahan Baku Bagi Asam Absisat, Suatu Fitohormon Inhibitor Bagi Proses Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Oleh Karena Itu, Kegiatan Pengolahan Benih Tomat Dalam Menghilangkan Lendir Yang Menempel Pada Biji Perlu Dilakukan Dengan Cara Yang Tepat, Efisien, Dan Tidak Mengakibatkan Penurunan Mutu Benih Dengan Perlakuan Tersebut. Penelitian Ini Bertujuan Untuk Mengetahui Teknik Ekstraksi Yang Paling Tepat Untuk Menghasilkan Benih Tomat Dengan Mutu Benih Yang Berkualitas Pada Benih Dua Varietas Tomat, Dengan Morfologi Serta Sifat Genetik Benih Berbeda. Hipotesis Dari Penelitian Ini Ialah Terdapat Pengaruh Interaksi Antara Teknik Ekstraksi Benih Dan Varietas Tomat Terhadap Kualitas Benih Dan Bibit Tomat. Penelitian Telah Dilaksanakan Pada Bulan Desember 2014 Sampai Dengan Februari 2015 Di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang Dengan Ketinggian 545 M Dpl Dan Suhu Rata-Rata Harian 27,90C. Metode Penelitian Yang Digunakan Yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RAL Faktorial). Perlakuan Terdiri Atas Dua Faktor, Faktor Pertama Adalah Varietas (V), Terdiri Dari Dua Varietas Yaitu Varietas Fortuna 23 (V1) Dan Varietas Tymoti (V2). Faktor Kedua Adalah Teknik Ekstraksi (T), Terdiri Dari Empat Teknik Ekstraksi Yaitu Teknik Ekstraksi Air Langsung (T1), Teknik Fermentasi Air Tomat 24 Jam (T2), Teknik Ekstraksi Hcl 2% (T3), Teknik Ekstraksi Kapur Tohor 20g.1-1 (T4), Sehingga Didapatkan Delapan Kombinasi Perlakuan Dan Masing-Masing Kombinasi Perlakuan Menggunakan Ulangan Sebanyak Empat Kali. Pengamatan Yang Dilakukan Meliputi Variabel Mutu Fisik Dan Fisiologis Benih, Terdiri Dari Kemurnian Benih (%), Bobot 1000 Benih (G), Kadar Air Benih (%), Daya Berkecambah Benih (%), Kecepatan Tumbuh (% Etmal-1), Keserempakan Tumbuh (%), Indeks Vigor (%), Kekuatan Tumbuh (%), Panjang Hipokotil Dan Akar (Cm), Bobot Kering Kecambah Normal (G), Vigor Kekuatan Tumbuh Bibit (%), Tinggi Bibit (Cm), Lebar Daun (Cm), Panjang Daun (Cm), Dan Bobot Kering Total Bibit (G). Data Hasil Pengamatan Dianalisis Statistika Sesuai Rancangan Yang Digunakan Yakni Dengan Analisis Ragam (Uji F) Pada Taraf 5%. Jika Perlakuan Menunjukkan Perbedaan Nyata Pada F-Hitung, Maka Dilanjutkan Dengan Uji Lanjut BNT 5%. Hasil Penelitian Menunjukkan Bahwa, Interaksi Antara Varietas Dan Teknik Ekstraksi Pada Kualitas Benih Terlihat Dari Tolok Ukur Bobot 1000 Benih, Kecepatan Tumbuh, Indeks Vigor, Dan Panjang Akar Kecambah. Interaksi Antara Varietas Dan Teknik Ekstraksi Pada Kualitas Bibit Terlihat Dari Tolok Ukur Vigor Kekuatan Tumbuh Bibit, Tinggi Bibit, Lebar Daun, Dan Bobot Kering Total Bibit. Faktor Tunggal Teknik Ekstraksi Memberikan Pengaruh Yang Sangat Nyata Terhadap Tolok Ukur Kemurnian Benih, Keserempakan Tumbuh, Kekuatan Tumbuh, Panjang Hipokotil, Daya Berkecambah, Dan Bobot Kering Kecambah Normal. Faktor Tunggal Varietas Memberikan Pengaruh Yang Sangat Nyata Terhadap Tolok Ukur Bobot Kering Kecambah Normal.
English Abstract
Tomatoes Are Classified As One Of The Multipurpose Fruit And Vegetable Commodities Favored By The Public, So As To Have A Bright Prospect Marketing. Consumer Demand For Tomato Products Tend To Increase From Time To Time In Line With The Level Of Public Awareness Of The Value Of Nutritional Adequacy. Promising Market Potential Encourage Efforts To Increase Production In Order To Meet The Market Demand For Tomatoes, One Of Them With The Use Of Hybrid Tomato Varieties. Now Many Manufacturers Of Hybrid Seeds Are Vying Produce Hybrid Varieties With Various Advantages, But As Good As Any Hybrid Varieties That Can Be Produced By The Breeder Will Severely Degraded If Improper Handling Of Seed. The Problems That Arise From Tomato Seeds One Of Which Is The Presence Of Mucus Attached To The Seed. Mucus Is Still Attached To The Seed Will Inhibit The Germination Process, Because The Mucus Is An Inhibitor (Inhibitor). The Red Color Of Tomatoes Contain Lycopene Pigment That Is Part Of The Carotenoids, And Carotenoids Are The Raw Material For Abscisic Acid, An Inhibitor Phytohormones For Plant Physiological Processes. Therefore, Seed Processing Tomatoes In Removing Mucus Attached To The Seed Needs To Be Done In The Proper Manner, Efficient, And Does Not Result In A Decrease In The Quality Of The Treated Seed. This Study Aims To Determine The Most Appropriate Extraction Techniques To Produce Quality Tomato Seeds With Good Quality Seeds In The Seed Of Two Varieties Of Tomatoes, The Morphological And Genetic Characteristics Of Different Seed. The Hypothesis Of This Study Is That There Is The Most Appropriate Extraction Techniques To Produce Seeds And Seedlings With A Good Quality Of Tomato Fruits And Tomatoes. Research Has Been Conducted In December 2014 Until February 2015 In The Laboratory Of Plant Breeding, Faculty Of Agriculture, University Of Brawijaya, The Veteran, Malang With A Height Of 545 M Above Sea Level And The Average Daily Temperature 27,90C. The Method Used Is Completely Randomized Design Factorial (Factorial RAL). Treatment Consists Of Two Factors, The First Factor Is The Variety (V), Consists Of Two Varieties Namely Varieties Fortuna 23 (V1) And Varieties Tymoti (V2). The Second Factor Is The Extraction Technique (T), Consisting Of Four Extraction Techniques That Direct Water Extraction Technique (T1), Fermentation Techniques Tomato Water 24 Hours (T2), 2% Hcl Extraction Technique (T3), Extraction Techniques Calcium Oxide 20g.1- 1 (T4), So We Get Eight Combinations Of Treatments And Each Treatment Combination Using Repetition As Much As Four Times. Observations Were Conducted On The Variables Of Physical And Physiological Seed Quality, Consisting Of Seed Purity (%), Weight Of 1000 Seeds (G), Seed Moisture Content (%), Seed Germination (%), Growth Rate (% Etmal-1), Simultaneity Growth (%), Vigor Index (%), The Strength Of Growth (%), Hypocotyl And Root Length (Cm), Normal Seedling Dry Weight (G), The Growing Strength Of Seed Vigor (%), Seedling Height (Cm), Leaf Width ( Cm), Leaf Length (Cm), And Total Seedling Dry Weight (G). The Data Were Statistically Analyzed According To The Design Used Is By Analysis Of Variance (F Test) At 5% Level. If Treatment Showed Significant Differences In The Fcount, Then Followed By A Further Test LSD 5% The Results Showed That, The Most Appropriate Extraction Techniques To Produce Seeds And Seedlings Of Tomato With Good Quality Is The Extraction Technique Using 2% Hcl Solution For 2 Hours. The Interaction Between Varieties And Seed Extraction Technique Very Significant Effect On The Weight Of 1000 Seeds, Growth Rate, Vigor Index, Root Length, Seedling Vigor Growing Strength, Seedling Height, Leaf Width, And Total Dry Weight Of Seeds, As Well As A Significant Effect On The Water Content Of Seeds And Leaf Length. Treatment Extraction Technique Provides A Significant Influence On The Seed Purity, Germination, Growing Simultaneity, Strength Grows, Hypocotil Length And Seedling Dry Weight Normal. Treatment Varieties Significant Effect On Germination Rate And Very Significant To Normal Seedling Dry Weight. Testing The Strength Of Character Vigor Grow Seedlings, Seedling Height, Leaf Width, Leaf Length, And Total Dry Weight Of Seedlings Can Be Seen That The Seeds Of The Tomato Fruit And Vegetable Tomato Extracted With 2% Hcl For 2 Hours To Have The Greatest Value, So It Can Be Used As A Candidate Seeds Good To Be Cultivated.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2015/220/051503568 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Jun 2015 09:14 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 02:16 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130206 |
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