A`yun, LutfiQurrotun (2014) Pengaruh Panjang Tunas dan Bobot Rimpang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Temulawak ( Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang banyak diminati. Permintaan bahan tanaman (rimpang) temulawak untuk keperluan industri obat tradisional di Jawa, Bali, dan Nusa Tenggara Barat mencapai 1.766 ton/tahun dan simplisia sebanyak 252 ton tahun-1 (Pribadi, 2009). Untuk memenuhi permintaan tersebut perlu dilakukan upaya agar produktivitas tanaman temulawak meningkat. Perbanyakan tanaman temulawak yang sering digunakan yaitu berasal dari rimpang. Dalam budidaya temulawak, bobot rimpang yang digunakan sebagai bahan tanam akan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Rimpang temulawak yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan tanam sebaiknya sudah muncul tunas. Rimpang yang telah bertunas, apabila digunakan sebagai bahan tanam pertumbuhannya akan lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan rimpang yang belum bertunas. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh panjang tunas dan bobot rimpang terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman temulawak ( Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.). Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah 1) Terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan panjang tunas dengan bobot rimpang terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman temulawak ( Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.). 2) Semakin panjang tunas, semakin tinggi pertumbuhan dan hasil bobot rimpang. 3) Semakin berat rimpang semakin tinggi pertumbuhan dan hasil rimpang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Jatikerto FP UB pada bulan Januari sampai Juli 2014. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah timbangan analitik, cutter steril, jangka sorong, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), dan oven. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rimpang temulawak varietas Jember dengan kisaran bobot 10 - 20 g dan panjang tunas 2-8 cm, pupuk Urea, SP 36, dan KCl. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial, meliputi 2 faktor yang diulang 3 kali. Faktor pertama adalah panjang tunas dengan 3 taraf yaitu : 2-4 cm, >4-6 cm dan >6-8 cm. Faktor kedua bobot rimpang dengan 3 taraf yaitu : 5-10 g, >10-15 g dan >15-20 g. Dari dua faktor tersebut diperolah 9 kombinasi perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi pengamatan non destruktif, destruktif dan panen. Pengamatan non destrutif meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang dan jumlah anakan. Pengamatan destruktif meliputi luas daun, jumlah umbi air, bobot kering tanaman dan laju pertumbuhan relatif. Panen meliputi bobot segar rimpang. Data kuantitatif yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analisis Ragam (Uji F) pada taraf 5% dan apabila terdapat pengaruh yang nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terjadi interaksi antara penggunaan panjang tunas dan bobot rimpang terhadap semua variabel pengamatan. Penggunaan panjang tunas >4-6 cm menghasilkan jumlah anakan, bobot kering rimpang dan bobot segar rimpang panen yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan panjang tunas 2-4 cm tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan panjang tunas >6-8 cm. Penggunaan panjang tunas >6-8 cm mampu meningkatkan bobot segar rimpang panen sebesar 30.70%. Penggunaan bobot rimpang rimpang >15-20 g menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, luas daun, bobot kering daun, bobot kering batang, bobot kering akar dan bobot kering rimpang yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bobot rimpang 5-10 g dan >10-15 g. Pada laju pertumbuhan tanaman relatif, penggunaan bobot rimpang 5-10 g menghasilkan nilai yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bobot rimpang >10-15 g dan >15-20 g. Penggunaan bobot rimpang >15-20 g menghasilkan bobot segar rimpang panen yang lebih tinggi (380.73 g) meningkat sebesar 31.29% dibandingkan bobot rimpang 5-10 g (289.98 g) dan bobot rimpang >10-15 g (321.71 g).
English Abstract
Java Turmeric ( Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is one of the medical plants which is much in demand. Demand for plant material (rhizome) of java turmeric for industrial use of traditional medicine in Java, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara reach 1,766 ton year-1 and botanicals as much as 252 ton year-1 (Pribadi, 2009). To fulfill the demand needs an effort to increase the productivity of the java turmeric plant. Java turmeric plant propagation that is often used is derived from the rhizome. In the cultivation of java turmeric, the rhizome weight is used as the planting material will affect the growth and yield of crops. Java turmeric rhizome to be used as planting material should have appeared shoots. The roots have sprouted, when used as planting material will grow faster than the rhizomes that have not sprouted. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of shoot length and weight of rhizome on java turmeric plant growth ( Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.). The hypothesis is 1) There is interaction between shoot length with weight of rhizome on the growth and yield of java turmeric ( Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.). 2) The longer shoot length the higher growth and yield of rhizome. 3) The heavier rhizome the higher growth and yield of rhizome. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Jatikerto FP UB in January to July 2014. The tools used in this study were analytical balance, cutter sterile, calipers, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), and oven. The materials used in this study is the rhizome of java turmeric clone Jember with weight range 10-20 g and shoot length 2-8 cm, Urea, SP 36, and KCl. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD), includes two factors were repeated 3 times. The first factor is the length of the shoot with 3 levels: 2-4 cm, >4-6 cm and >6-8 cm. The second factor is the weight of the rhizome with 3 levels: 5-10 g, >10-15 g and >15-20 g. From the two factors were obtained 9 combined treatment and each treatment was repeated 3 times. Observations were conducted of non destructive observation, destructive and harvest. Observations of non destructif were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and number of tillers. Observations of destructive were leaf area, number of tubers water, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and relative growth rate. Harvest includes fresh weight of rhizomes. Quantitative data were then analyzed using Analysis of Variety (Test F) at the level of 5% and if there is a real effect, then continued with Least Significant Difference test (LSD) at the 5% level. The result showed no interaction between the use of long shoots and rhizome weights of all variables observations. Used shoot length >4-6 cm produces tiller number, dry weight and fresh weight of yields rhizome higher than 2-4 cm long shoots but not significantly different from the shoot length >6-8 cm. Used of shoot length >6-8 cm could increase harvest fresh weight of rhizome 30.70%. Used weight of rhizome >15-20 g produces plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, dry weight of root and rhizome dry weight higher than weight of rhizome 5-10 g and >10-15 g . At the rate of plant growth relative, use the weight of rhizome 5-10 g produces a higher value than the weight of rhizome >10-15 g and >15-20 g. Used weight of rhizome >15-20 g produce fresh weight of rhizomes higher (380.73 g) increased by 31.29% compared to the weight of rhizome 5-10 g (289.98 g) and weight of rhizome >10-15 g (321.71 g).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/467/051408296 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Dec 2014 09:15 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 13:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129949 |
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