Rinanto, Hulman (2014) Pengaruh Aplikasi Kombinasi Biourine dengan Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascolonicum L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Bawang merah merupakan komoditas utama dalam prioritas pengembangan sayuran dataran rendah di Indonesia dan sudah dikenal oleh penduduk Indonesia sejak abad ke 20 (Jaelani, 2007). Produksi bawang merah saat ini mengalami fluktuasi. Pada tahun 2010 produksi bawang merah sebanyak 1.048.934 ton, pada tahun 2011 sebesar 893.124 ton, dan pada tahun 2012 sebanyak 964.221 ton (BPS, 2013). Dari produktivitas yang telah disebutkan diatas, ternyata faktor yang memberikan kontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan produksi bawang merah di dalam negeri ialah pertumbuhan areal panen (4,3%) sedangkan komponen produktivitas hanya menyumbang 1,1% dari total produksi (Deptan, 2007). Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas bawang merah ialah melalui pemupukan dengan aplikasi biourine karena pada bahan cair kotoran sapi terdapat enzim dan mikroba penghancur sisa makanan ternak dan hormon, yang diharapkan dapat mempercepat proses metabolisme pada tanah maupun tanaman sehingga akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sayuran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah ( 1 ) u ntuk mendapatkan kombinasi biourine dengan pupuk anorganik dan kompos kotoran sapi yang terbaik pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah ( 2) untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi biourine yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk anorganik dan kompos kotoran sapi pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Hipotesis yang diajukan ialah (1) k ombinasi biourine feses dengan pupuk anorganik 25% dari dosis optimum dan kompos kotoran sapi 25% dari dosis optimum akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (2) k ombinasi biourine yang tepat akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari hingga Maret 2014 bertempat di desa Ngujung, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu. Lahan percobaan terletak pada ketinggian 900 Mdpl dengan curah hujan rata-rata 2600 – 3100 mm per tahun dengan suhu rata-rata 24o – 8o C dan kelembapan berkisar 6 – 6,7. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian tersebut adalah bibit bawang merah varietas Filipina, feses sapi, urin sapi, kompos kotoran sapi sapi, pupuk anorganik tunggal, air, EM4, furadan, gula merah, empon-empon serta pestisida. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 9 perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga terdapat 27 satuan percobaan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian meliputi: BU + PA 50 (P 1 ), BU + PA 25 + PK 25 (P 2 ), BU+PK 50 (P 3 ), BF+PA 50 (P 4 ), BF+PA 25 +PK 25 (P 5 ), BF+PK 50 (P 6 ), BUF+PA 50 (P 7 ), BUF+PA 25 +PK 25 (P 8 ), BUF+PK 50 (P 9 ). BU = Biourine Urine; BF = Biourine Feses; BUF = Biourine urine feses; PA 50 = Pupuk Anorganik 50% dari dosis optimum ; PA 25 = Pupuk Anorganik 25% dari dosis optimum ; PK 50 = Kompos kotoran sapi 50% dari dosis optimum; PK 25 = Kompos kotoran sapi 25% dari dosis optimum . Pengamatan dilakukan secara non destruktif, destruktif dan panen. Pengamatan non destruktif meliputi panjang tanaman dan jumlah daun. Pengamatan destruktif meliputi jumlah umbi per rumpun, jumlah anakan, bobot segar umbi per rumpun (g), bobot kering umbi oven per rumpun (g), bobot kering total tanaman oven (g), luas daun (cm2). Pengamatan panen meliputi jumlah umbi panen , bobot segar umbi panen (ton ha-1) b obot tanaman total kering matahari (ton ha-1), Hasil produksi bawang merah (ton ha-1), indeks panen (IP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada semua variabel pertumbuhan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata, sedangkan pada variabel hasil panen perlakuan biourine urine feses + kompos kotoran sapi 50% dari dosis optimum (P 9 ) memberikan hasil tertinggi sebesar 13,58 umbi tan-1. Pada biourine bahan dasar feses, pupuk anorganik 25% dari dosis dengan kompos kotoran sapi 25% dari dosis (P 5 ) optimum
English Abstract
Shallot is a major commodity in the priority development of lowland vegetables in Indonesia and already known by Indonesia n people since the 20th century (Jaelani, 2007). Shallot production is currently experiencing fluctuations. In 2010 shallot production as much as 1.048.934 tons, in 2011 amounted to 893.124 tons, and in 2012 964.221 tons (BPS, 2013). Of productivity mentioned above, it turns out that giving kontribus factor to the growth of shallot production in the country is growing harvest area (4.3%), while the productivity component accounted for only 1.1% of the total production (Deptan, 2007). One effort to increase the productivity of shallot is through fertilization with biourine applications because the material contained liquid cow manure and microbial enzymes destroyer residual forage and hormones, which is expected to speed up the metabolic processes in the soil and plants that will improve the growth and yield of vegetable crops. The purpose of this study is (1) to obtain the right biourine combination with inorganic fertilizer and compost manure on the growth and yield of shallot (2) to determine the effect biourine applications combined with inorganic fertilizer and compost manure on the growth and yield of shallot. The proposed hypothesis is (1) a combination biourine feces with inorganic fertilizers 25% of the optimum dose and cow dung compost 25% of the optimum dose will increase the growth and yield of shallot (2) the right combination of biourine will increase the growth and yield of shallot. Research has conducted in January until Macrh 2014 took place in the Ngujung village, Bumiaji, Batu. Land situated at an altitude of 900 above sea level with an average rainfall 2600 – 3100 mm per year with an average temperature of 24o – 28° C, humidity 6 – 6.7. The materials used in these studies are shallot seed varieties Philippines, cow feces, cow urine, cow manure, inorganic fertilizer single nutrient, water, EM4, Furadan, brown sugar, empon-empon and pesticides. This study used a randomized block design with 9 factor and each factor was repeated 3 times so that there are 27 experimental units. Treatment in the study include: BU + PA 50 (P 1 ), BU + PA 25 + PK 25 (P 2 ), BU+PK 50 (P 3 ), BF+PA 50 (P 4 ), BF+PA 25 +PK 25 (P 5 ), BF+PK 50 (P 6 ), BUF+PA 50 (P 7 ), BUF+PA 25 +PK 25 (P 8 ), BUF+PK 50 (P 9 ). BU = Biourine Urine; BF = cow dung biourine; BUF = Biourine urine and cow dung; PA 50 = Anorganik fertilizer 50% from optimum doses; PA 25 = Anorganik fertilizer 25% from optimum doses; PK 50 = cow manure 50% from optimum doses; PK 25 = cow manure 25% from optimum doses. Observations were made in a non destructive, destructive and harvest. Non-destructive observation of plants covering the length and number of leaves. Destructive observations include the number of tubers per hill, tuber fresh weight per hill (g), oven dry weight of tuber per hill (g), total plant dry weight of the oven (g), leaf area (cm-2). Observations include the number of tubers harvested, tuber fresh weight (ton ha-1) total plant dry weight of the sun (ton ha-1), yield of shallot (ton ha-1), harvest index (IP). The results showed that in all growth variables no significant difference, whereas in variable yields obtained that treatment biourine urine feces + manure 50% of the dose (P 9 ) giving the highest yield of 13.58 tuber plant-1. In biourine base material faeces, 25% of inorganic fertilizer with manure dose 25% of the optimum dose s (P 5 ) gave the highest results in the sun to dry plant weight parameter of 6.60 tons ha-1 and the weight of tuber tuber yield at 6.09 tons ha-1. At harvest index parameter is no treatment that provides real value. The results are not real can be caused by a slow response to the treatment plant so that the difference has not been seen in 14 DAP observations up to 42 DAP. The real difference look ed at the age of 56 at harvest. Time study during the rainy season and had been raining ash from the eruption of Mount Kelud result stunted plant growth so that the yields are not masksimum.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/462/051408291 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Dec 2014 08:52 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 13:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129944 |
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