Kusumawardani, Yuricha (2014) Potensi Antagonis Jamur Endofit Pada Tanaman Lada (Piper Nigrum L.) Terhadap Jamur Phytophthora Capsici Leionian Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Lada merupakan jenis tanaman rempah yang memiliki peranan penting dalam perekonomian nasional. Namun, pada kurun waktu 2003-2012 ekspor lada Indonesia menurun akibat rendahnya produktivitas dan mutu lada nasional. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh serangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) oleh jamur Phytophthora capsici . Sejauh ini, penyakit BPB termasuk sulit dikendalikan meskipun berbagai cara telah direkomendasikan. Oleh karena itu, siasat dan cara baru untuk mengendalikan penyakit tersebut perlu terus diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satu cara alternatif pengendalian ramah lingkungan, yaitu dengan memanfaatkan agens hayati berupa jamur endofit yang bersifat antagonistik. Jamur endofit dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap penyakit karena menghasilkan alkaloid dan mikotoxin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi jamur endofit antagonistik pada tanaman lada sebagai agens hayati dan menyeleksi isolat jamur endofit melalui metode oposisi langsung untuk mendapatkan isolat jamur endofit yang efektif menekan pertumbuhan jamur P. capsici . Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan dan Rumah Kaca, Jurusan Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya Malang pada bulan Februari-Juni 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu metode eksplorasi dan eksperimen. Eksplorasi jamur endofit dari daun, ranting dan akar tanaman lada diambil dari kebun lada Desa Pujiharjo, Kec. Tirtoyudo, Kab. Malang. Eksperimen meliputi uji antagonis jamur endofit terhadap P. capsici secara in-vitro dan in-vivo . Jamur endofit yang diperoleh sebanyak 25 isolat, yaitu terdiri dari 16 isolat teridentifikasi antara lain Acremonium sp., Cephalosporium sp. 1, Cephalosporium sp. 2, Colletotrichum sp. 1, Colletotrichum sp. 2, Colletotrichum sp. 3, Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp. 1, Fusarium sp. 2, Fusarium sp. 3, Fusarium sp. 4, Humicola sp. 1, Humicola sp. 2, Scytalidium sp. 1, Scytalidium sp. 2 dan Trichoderma sp. serta 9 isolat tidak teridentifikasi antara lain isolat EL 1, isolat EL 2, isolat EL 3, isolat EL 4, isolat EL 5, isolat EL 6, isolat EL 7, isolat EL 8 dan isolat EL 9. Dari 25 jamur endofit yang diujikan secara in-vitro mampu menekan pertumbuhan P. capsici melalui 3 mekanisme antagonis, yaitu kompetisi, parasitisme dan antibiosis. Tiga isolat jamur endofit yang diseleksi untuk diuji antagonis secara in-vivo mampu memperlambat terjadinya infeksi pada batang tanaman lada oleh P. capsici dan menekan intensitas serangan.
English Abstract
Pepper is a spice plant type which have an important role in the national economy. However, in the period of 2003-2012 pepper exports in Indonesia decreased due to the low of productivity and the national quality of pepper. It is caused by stem base rout disease attacks the (BPB) from the Phytophthora capsici fungus. Moreover, BPB diseases are difficult to control although various ways have been recommended. Hence, strategy and new ways to control the disease should be explored and developed. One of the best alternative control is using the biological agents in the form of endophyte fungus which are antagonistic. Endophyte fungal can enhance plant resistance to disease because it produces alkaloid and mikotoxin. This research was conducted to examine the potential antagonistic endophyte fungal on pepper plant as biological agents and select endophyte fungal isolates through direct opposition method to get isolates of endophyte fungal which is effectively suppress the growth of P. capsici fungi. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Plants Diseases and Greenhouse, Plant Pest and Disease Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya Malang in February until June 2014. The research used exploration and experiment method. The exploration of endophyte fungal from leaves, twigs and roots of pepper plant were taken from pepper plants garden at village Pujiharjo, district Tirtoyudo, Malang. The experiments included testing of antagonists endophyte fungal on P. capsici by in-vitro and in-vivo. Endophyte fungal that was retrieved as many as 25 isolates consisted of 16 identified isolates, such as Acremonium sp., Cephalosporium sp. 1, Cephalosporium sp. 2, Colletotrichum sp. 1, Colletotrichum sp. 2, Colletotrichum sp. 3, Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp. 1, Fusarium sp. 2, Fusarium sp. 3, Fusarium sp. 4, Humicola sp. 1, Humicola sp. 2, Scytalidium sp. 1, Scytalidium sp. 2 and Trichoderma sp. while 9 unidentified isolates were isolate EL 1, isolate EL 2, isolate EL 3, isolate EL 4, isolate EL 5, isolate EL 6, isolate EL 7, isolate EL 8 and isolate EL 9. The 25 endophyte fungi which had been examined by in-vitro were able to suppress the growth of P. capsici through 3 antagonists mechanisms, namely competition, parasitism and antibiosist. Three endophyte fungal isolates were selected to be tested for antagonists by in-vivo were able to inhibit the onset of infections on stem of pepper plants by P. capsici and suppress the attacks intensity.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/347/051406877 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Oct 2014 09:58 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 07:37 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129820 |
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