Rahmi, Yusvita Maulidia (2014) Tingkat Viabilitas Benih Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) Hasil Persilangan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Dalam usaha budidaya pertanian, benih memegang peranan yang sangat penting. Benih ialah simbol dari suatu inti kehidupan di alam semesta (Soetopo, 2002). Penggunaan benih untuk budidaya akan menentukan hasil panen yang akan dihasilkan dimasa mendatang. Benih yang digunakan ialah harus benih yang berkualitas dan guna memenuhi kebutuhan akan benih maka benih juga harus memiliki kuantitas yang tinggi. Kualitas benih dapat diperoleh melalui persilangan antar tetua unggul. Persilangan antar tetua unggul tersebut diharapkan mampu memiliki viabilitias yang tinggi. Viabilitas benih yang tinggi dapat membantu para petani untuk meminimalisir pemborosan benih karena viabilitasnya yang buruk sehingga dalam satu luasan lahan membutuhkan benih dalam jumlah yang tidak optimum. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui viabilitas benih hasil persilangan varietas Panda dan varietas Marissa. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini terdapat keberagaman viabilitas benih tetua unggul dan dari hasil persilangan terdapat benih yang memiliki viabilitas 80%. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Landungsari, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang dengan ketinggian tempat lebih kurang 400-700 meter diatas permukaan laut dan laboratorium pemuliaan tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian berlangsung pada Juni sampai Oktober 2013. Alat yang digunakan ialah alat tulis, desikator, germinator, oven, pinset, dan timbangan. Bahan yang akan digunakan ialah benang wol, benih mentimun varietas Panda, benih mentimun varietas Marissa, bunga betina, bunga jantan, kertas cd, kawat tembaga, label, sedotan sebagai penyungkup dan deterjen. Penelitian pada kondisi lapang menggunakan desain perencanaan tunggal (Single Plant Analysis), dengan menggunakan 6 perlakuan persilangan, yaitu: P0a (Varietas Panda tanpa dilakukan penyerbukan buatan), P0b (Varietas Marissa tanpa dilakukan penyerbukan buatan), P1 (♂A><A♀), P2 (♂B><B♀), P3(♂A><B♀), P4 (♂B><A♀). Penelitian pada laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 ulangan dan menggunakan 6 benih hasil persilangan. Parameter pengamatan yang akan dilakukan ialah pengamatan viabilitas benih mentimun hasil persilangan. Pengamatan tersebut terdiri dari: umur berbunga, umur mekar bunga jantan dan bunga betina, persentase bunga jadi buah, persentase buah panen, lama pembuahan, umur panen, bobot buah, jumlah benih bernas, kadar air, bobot 100 butir benih bernas, pengujian daya hidup (viabilitas) benih. Analisis data dilakukan untuk masing-masing perlakuan dengan uji T pada perlakuan dilapang. Pada Perlakuan pengujian di laboratorium yang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), maka data yang telah diperoleh apabila didapati berbeda nyata akan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari kombinasi 6 macam persilangan persentase bunga jadi buah, bobot buah, umur berbunga, umur bunga jantan mekar, umur bunga betina mekar, jumlah benih bernas, kadar air dan viabilitas benih menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Sedangkan pada parameter pengamatan persentase buah panen, lama pembuahan, umur panen dan bobot 100 butir benih bernas tidak berbeda nyata. Tetua jantan Mentimun varietas Marissa dan tetua betina mentimun varietas Panda dapat menghasilkan persentase bunga menjadi buah, persentase buah panen dan bobot buah yang tinggi. Persilangan alami mentimun varietas Panda dapat menghasilkan jumlah benih bernas, lama pembuahan dan viabilitas yang tinggi dengan nilai kadar air terendah. Persilangan alami mentimun varietas Marissa menghasilkan tanaman yang memiliki umur panen terpendek. Mentimun hasil persilangan alami pada varietas Panda menghasilkan hasil persilangan yang paling baik, dilihat dari jumlah bernas dan viabilitasnya yang tinggi.
English Abstract
In agricultural cultivation, seed holds a very important role. The seed is the symbols of a core of life in the universe (Soetopo, 2002). The use of seed for cultivation will determine an outcome that would yield harvest in the future. The seed should be used is high quality seeds and to meet the demand for seed seeds should also have a high quantity. Seed quality can be obtained through a cross between elders excel. Crossing between superior elders are expected to have a high viability. High seed viability can help farmers to minimize wastage of seed due to the poor viability of the land area needed quantities of seed which is not optimum. The purpose of this research was to determine the viability of seeds from crosses of superior cultivars local Panda varietes and Marissa varieties. The hypothesis in this research are superior elders diversity and seed viability of seeds are the result of crossing with 80% viability. This research will be conducted in the village of Ampeldento, Karangploso District, Malang regency with altitude of approximately 400-700 meters above sea level and plant breeding laboratory Brawijaya University. The research took place in June to October 2013. Tool used is stationary, woolen yarn, germinator, copper wire, paper cd, label, oven, tweezers, straws and scales. Material to be used is the cucumber seed varieties Panda, cucumber seed varieties Marissa, female flowers, male flowers, paper substrates and detergents. Research on field conditions using a Single Plant Analysis, using the 6 treatment crossover, namely: P0a (Variety Panda without any artificial pollination), P0B (Variety Marissa any without artificial pollination), P1 P1 (♂A><A♀), P2 (♂B><B♀), P3(♂A><B♀), P4 (♂B><A♀). Research in the laboratory using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replications and using 6 seed from crosses. Observation parameters that will be done is the observation cucumber seed viability from crosses. The observations consist of: flowering, blooming age of male flowers and female flowers, the percentage of fruit set, the percentage of fruit harvest, emerging fruit, harvesting, fruit weight, number of seeds pithy, moisture content, weight of 100 grains of seed pithy, viability testing seeds. Data analysis was performed for each treatment with T test on field treatment. In the treatment of laboratory testing using Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the data have been obtained if found to be significantly different from the test will be followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) 5%. The results showed that the combination of 6 kinds of flowers so cross percentage of fruit set, fruit weight, days to flowering, blooming male flowers age, the age of the female flowers bloom, seed number pithy, moisture content and seed viability showed significant differences. While the percentage of observation parameters harvest fruit, emerging fruit, harvesting and seed weight of 100 grains pithy differences were not significantly different. Panda natural cucumber varieties can produce a number of pithy seeds, old high fertilization and viability with the lowest water content. Marissa natural crosses of cucumber varieties produce plants that have the shortest maturity. Natural crosses of cucumber varieties from crosses Panda produce the most good, judging from the number of pithy and high viability.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/182/051404467 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Aug 2014 14:20 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Nov 2021 08:22 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129635 |
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