Fitriani, Ristianing Dwi (2014) Karakterisasi Bunga Dan Buah Mangga (Mangifera Indica L.) Hasil Persilangan Arumanis-143 (A) X Swarnarika (S), Arumanis-143 (A) X Haden (H) Dan Arumanis-143 (A) X Carabao (C). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Mangga ialah salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang memberikan sumbangan terbesar ketiga terhadap produksi buah nasional setelah pisang dan nanas, yaitu 2.376.339 ton (BPS,2012). Di pasar internasional, kulit mangga yang berwarna hijau kurang kompetitif dibandingkan merah atau kultivar mangga yang memiliki kulit berwarna kuning . Itulah alasan mengapa mangga Arumanis-143 kurang bersaing di pasar internasional karena mangga tersebut memiliki warna kulit buah yang hijau. Pasar ekspor umumnya hanya memperhatikan warna kulit buah yang kuning, sedangkan rasa manis daging buah mangga bukan satu-satunya persyaratan utama . Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini ialah untuk karakterisasi bunga mangga hasil persilangan Arumanis-14 3 (A) x Swarnarika (S), Arumanis-14 3 (A) x Haden (H), Arumanis-143 (A) x Carabao (C) , karakterisasi buah mangga berdasarkan karakter organoleptik serta morfologi buah mangga hasil persilangan antara varietas Arumanis-143 (A) x Swarnarika (S), Arumanis 14 3 (A) X Haden (H), Arumanis 143 (A) x Carabao (C) sehingga dapat mendeteksi progeni yang akan menjadi harapan dan memiliki karakter yang unggul. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun UPT Pengembangan Benih Hortikultura (PBH) Pohjentrek Jl. Urip Sumoharjo No 33 Kota Pasuruan dengan ketinggian 5 mdpl dan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada b ulan Mei 2013 hingga Februari 201 4. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah penggaris, alat tulis, alat penghitung (counter), tangga, kamera digital, kertas millimeter, Penetrometeter, refraktrometer, jangka sorong, RHS colour chart, IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Research Institute) seri mangga tahun 2006. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah tanaman mangga hasil persilangan yang telah berumur 7 tahun yang terdiri dari 27 progeni hasil persilangan mangga varietas
English Abstract
Mango is one of horticultural commodities that contributed the third largest of the national fruit production after banana and pineapple, which is 2,376,339 tons (BPS, 2012). Indonesia is facing increasingly fierce competition in the mango export to other exporting countries. In the international market, the green mango skin is less competitive than the red or mango cultivars have yellow skin. That is the reason why the mango Arumanis-143 less competitive in the international market due to the mango fruit has green skin color. The export market is generally only pay attention to the color of the yellow rind, while the sweetness of mango flesh is not only requirement utama.Tujuan this research is to characterize the mango flowers from crosses Arumanis-143 (A) x Swarnarika (S), Arumanis-143 (A) x Haden (H), Arumanis-143 (A) x Carabao (C), mangoes characterization based on organoleptic and morphological characters of mango varieties from crosses between Arumanis-143 (A) x Swarnarika (S), Arumanis 143 ( A) X Haden (H), Arumanis 143 (A) x Carabao (C) so that it can detect progeny that would be the expectation and have this done unggul.Penelitian character in Horticulture Gardens Seed Development Unit (PBH) Pohjentrek Jl. Urip Pasuruan Sumoharjo No. 33 with a height of 5 meters above sea level and at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology Brawijaya University. The study was conducted in May 2013 until February 2014. Instrument used in this study is a ruler, stationery, stationery counter (counter), stairs, digital cameras, millimeter paper, Penetrometeter, refraktrometer, calipers, RHS color chart, IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Research Institute) mango series in 2006. material used in this study was the mango plants from crosses which have been aged 7 years consisting of 27 progeny from crosses mango varieties Arumanis-143 (A x Swarnarika (S), 3 cross progeny Arumanis -143 (A) x Carabao (C) and 8 progeny crosses Arumanis-143 (A) x Haden (H), 2 parents of Arumanis-143, 1 parent Haden and 1 parent of Carabao. The research objective was to characterize the mango flowers and fruit crossing of Arumanis - 143 (A) x Swarnarika (S), Arumanis - 143 (A) x Haden (H) and Arumanis - 143 (A) x Carabao (C), as important as identify progeny exhibiting preferential and superior character. Experiments through descriptive methods. Morphological characters of mango flowers included the emerging time of flower, flower per cluster numbers, flower per cluster numbers, fruit per cluster numbers, fruit set, color of flower stalk, flower petal color and the color of the ovary. morphological characters of fruit were the fruit physiologival maturity days, numbers of fruit per tree, fruit weight per plant, fruit length, fruit width, fruit flesh thick, thickness of rind, fruit hardness, seed length, seed width, fruit shape, fruit tip shape, color ripe fruit peel, seed coat color and flesh color. Organoleptic characters were determined by attractive color, distinctive fragrance, fruit flavor and prime of fruit size. Analysis of characterization data processed with SPSS software to analyze the dendogram. Dendogram analysis is interpreted in the form of groups (clusters) that describes the proximity of each object. In the dendogram there are several clusters (groups) according to the proximity of the data that have similar or almost the same value in one group. The results showed the presence of flower morphology dendogram 2 large clusters. Cluster 1 consisted of 34 or 97,14% progeny that have distances close kinship with the parent and has a similarity, cluster 2 only AS 2 has a far distance kinship with parents Arumanis-143 or by 2.86%. The main data (number of fruit per tree, fruit weight, fruit weight per plant, fruit length, fruit width, thick rind and flesh thickness) formed 3 large clusters. Cluster 1 has similarities with the main data character parent of Arumanis-143, cluster 2 only 3 members have similarities being with parents of Arumanis -143 include AH 6.1, AH 1.2 and AC 17. Cluster 3 has a low similarity with the parent of Arumanis-143 is AS 2. Data (harvesting, fruit hardness, seed length, width and thickness of seed) formed 3 large clusters. Cluster 1 has a similarity of character pieces (supporting data) with Arumanis-143, cluster 2 has moderate similarity to parent and cluster 3 has much resemblance to its parent. Members of cluster 3 only 1 progeny is the AH 1.2. Organoleptic attributes of the fruit to form two large clusters. Cluster 1 and 2 each have similar properties with parents Arumanis-143 and has a close kinship distance. In cluster 1, progeny that have the farthest distance kinship with the parent is AS 13.1. In cluster 2, which has the furthest distance kinship with parents Arumanis -143 is AS 8.1. Test Organolpetic the flesh formed two large clusters. Cluster 1 has the character similarities or distances closely related to parent of Arumanis-143 and cluster 2 have similar character or distance distant kinship with the parent Arumanis-143. Members of cluster 2, among others, AS. 22.2, AS 6.2 and AS 8.1. Affective test (preference for whole fruit and fruit pulp) 2 clusters are formed. Cluster 1 has similarities favorite character similar to parent Arumanis-143. Cluster 2 has a distant resemblance to the parent Arumanis-143 or a member of cluster 2 is less preferred by the panelists. In the qualitative character of flowers, formed two large clusters. Cluster 1 has a range of close kinship with parents Arumanis-143, while one member of the cluster 2, which has the farthest distance kinship is SA 2. Qualitative character mangoes, formed three clusters. Cluster 1 has a range of close kinship with parents Arumanis-143, cluster 2 has a moderate distance kinship with parents Arumanis-143 while the third cluster has a distance remote kinship with parents Arumanis-143 is AC 17.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/181/051404466 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Aug 2014 15:34 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Nov 2021 08:20 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129634 |
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