Analisis Distribusi Pangan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur.

Farahdiba, Novika (2014) Analisis Distribusi Pangan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Kabupaten Sidoarjo merupakan salah satu Kabupaten di Propinsi Jawa Timur yang mana dalam rangka pembangunan daerah Kabupaten Sidoarjo banyak mengembangkan kawasan industri yang pada akhirnya menuntut kebutuhan akan lahan. Lahan yang tersedia semula didominasi oleh lahan pertanian tetapi saat ini berubah menjadi lahan non pertanian yang menyebabkan penurunan luas lahan pertanian. Penurunan luas lahan pertanian ini berakibat produksi domestik Kabupaten Sidoarjo yang agak rawan pangan, hal ini disebabkan ketersediaan pangan domestik yang tidak cukup merata di seluruh wilayah Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Pemerataan pangan di berbagai daerah diperlukan dalam rangka memenuhi konsumsi pangan masyarakat sehingga peran distribusi dalam kegiatan menyalurkan bahan pangan dari petani produsen sampai kepada konsumen akhir sangatlah penting. Pola distribusi pangan perlu dibuat secara baik untuk menjamin seluruh rumah tangga dapat memperoleh pangan dalam jumlah yang cukup sepanjang waktu dengan harga yang terjangkau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) Menganalisis perkembangan harga komoditi beras, gula dan bandeng selama 4 tahun terakhir di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. 2) Menganalisis saluran distribusi pangan pada komoditi beras, gula, dan bandeng di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. 3) Menganalisis fungsi-fungsi pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh lembaga pemasaran di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) Diduga perkembangan harga tiap komoditi semakin meningkat tiap tahunnya. 2) Diduga saluran pemasaran beras dan gula di tempat penelitian pendek, sedangkan saluran pemasaran bandeng panjang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan analisis deskriptif yaitu menganalisis perkembangan harga beras, gula, bandeng di tingkat produsen dan konsumen mulai tahun 2010 hingga 2013, menganalisis lembaga pemasaran yang telibat dalam pemasaran komoditi beras, gula, dan bandeng, dan menganalisis mengenai fungsi pemasaran yang dilakukan lembaga pemasaran yang terlibat pada tiap komoditi. Analisis kuantitatif dalam penelitian ini diantaranya yaitu analisa perkembangan harga dengan menghitung rata-rata harga jual, analisa pertumbuhan harga dengan menghitung CPI (Consumer Index Price), dan untuk menganalisis stabilitas harga dengan menghitung koefisien variasinya. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) Perkembangan harga jual rata-rata pada tingkat produsen dan konsumen baik komoditas beras, gula, dan bandeng tiap tahunnya semakin naik, akan tetapi stabilitas harga perbulannya pada tahun 2010 hingga 2013 cenderung stabil dikarenakan nilai koefisien variasi yang kurang dari 25%. 2) Saluran pemasaran pada komoditi beras di Kabupaten Sidoarjo terdapat 2 saluran pemasaran, Saluran pemasaran pada komoditi gula di Kabupaten Sidoarjo terdapat 1 saluran pemasaran saja. Saluran pemasaran pada komoditi bandeng di Kabupaten Sidoarjo terdapat 6 saluran pemasaran. 3) Fungsi-fungsi pemasaran yang dilakukan lembaga pemasaran di Kabupaten Sidoarjo diantaranya yaitu: fungsi pembelian, fungsi penjualan, fungsi pengangkutan, fungsi penyimpanan,fungsi resiko fisik yang mana terjadi jika adanya kerusakan atau penyusutan komoditi, fungsi pengolahan dilakukan oleh penggilingan beras yaitu mengubah gabah menjadi beras, fungsi pengolahan yang dilakukan oleh pabrik gula yaitu mengubah tebu menjadi gula, fungsi standarisasi yang dilakukan pabrik gula agar gula yang dihasilkan seragam, fungsi standarisasi pada lembaga pemasaran bandeng dilakukan untuk memisahkan bandeng sesuai dengan size, fungsi pengemasan dan fungsi pengetahuan pasar yaitu mengenai informasi harga. Saran yang dapat diberikan dalam penelitian ini diantaranya yaitu 1) Mengingat produksi beras di Sidoarjo masih defisit maka sebaiknya pemasaran beras lebih diarahkan kepada saluran pemasaran yang melibatkan lebih banyak lembaga pemasaran, yaitu saluran pemasaran I: Petani – Penebas – Penggilingan Beras – Agen – Pedagang Pengecer – Konsumen agar jangkauan pendistribusian beras lebih luas. Mengingat produksi bandeng di Kabupaten Sidoarjo yang defisit maka sebaiknya saluran pemasaran bandeng lebih diarahkan pada saluran pemasaran I: petani – Pasar Ikan Depo – Pedagang Besar – Pedagang Pengecer – Konsumen yang melibatkan banyak lembaga pemasaran sehingga jangkauan pendistribusian akan lebih luas. 2) Berdasarkan pada hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa petani hanya melakukan fungsi pertukaran saja maka disarankan sebaiknya petani melakukan fungsi pengetahuan pasar juga yaitu mengenai informasi teknologi dan informasi harga agar dapat membantu petani dalam meningkatkan produksi dan posisi tawarnya. 3) Mengingat peran Gapoktan (Gabungan Kelompok Tani) yang belum mampu membantu anggotanya dalam mendistribusikan produk dan mengolah hasil produksi pangannya disaat mengahadapi panen raya dan paceklik maka diperlukan pelaksanaan kegiatan Penguatan Lembaga Distribusi Pangan Masyarakat (LDPM) dengan pemberian penyuluhan dan pemberian dana bantuan sosial untuk membentuk unit distribusi atau pemasaran, dan produksi yang mendukung bagi petani. 4) Mengingat penyediaan data atau informasi mengenai pasokan, harga panel pangan masih lemah maka diperlukan peningkatan koordinasi antar lembaga pemasaran (Produsen – Pedagang Besar – Pedagang Pengecer) dengan instansi pemerintah terkait (Dinas Pertanian, Perkebunan, Perikanan, dan Perdagangan).

English Abstract

Sidoarjo district is one of districts in East Java province, which in the context of regional development Sidoarjo district many developing industrial areas, which in turn demands of land. Available land previously dominated by agricultural and this time turned into non-agricultural is causing a decrease in agricultural land area. The decrease in agricultural land has resulted in domestic production rather Sidoarjo district food insecure, this is due to the availability of domestic food that is not fairly uniform in district of Sidoarjo. Equitable distribution of food in the various regions is needed in order to meet peoples food consumption so that the role of distribution in the food channel the activities of agricultural producers to the final consumers is very important. The pattern of food distribution should be made either to ensure that all households can obtain adequate amounts of food all the time at an affordable price. The objective of this research are 1) to analyze the development of commodity prices of rice, sugar and milkfish for the last 4 years in Sidoarjo district. 2) Analyze the food distribution channels in rice, sugar, and milkfish in Sidoarjo district. 3) Analyze the marketing functions performed by marketing agencies in Sidoarjo district. The hypothesis of this research are 1) Perhaps development of the price of each commodity is increasing every year. 2) Perhaps marketing channels of rice and sugar comodity in this research is short, while comodity of milkfish is long marketing channels. The method used descriptive analysis are to analyze the development of the price of rice, sugar, milk producers and consumers at the level from 2010 to 2013, analyzing the marketing agencies that are involved in the marketing of rice, sugar, and milk, and analyze the marketing functions performed marketing agency involved in each commodity. The quantitative analysis in this study include analysis of price developments is by calculating the average selling price, growth rates analysis by calculating the CPI (Consumer Price Index), and to analyze the stability of the price by calculating the coefficient of variation. The results of this research are 1) The development of the average selling price at the level of both commodity producers and consumers of rice , sugar , and milk goes up every year, but the monthly price stability in 2010 and 2013 because the coefficient of variation of less than 25 %. 2) The commodity rice marketing channels in Sidoarjo there are 2 channel marketing, channel marketing in commodities sugar in Sidoarjo there is only one marketing channel. Commodity marketing channels on milkfish in Sidoarjo, there are 6 channels of marketing. 3) Marketing functions performed in Sidoarjo marketing agencies such as: purchasing functions, sales functions, functions of transporting, storage function, physical risk function which occurs when the damage or depreciation of commodities, processing functions performed by milling grain rice that is changing into rice processing functions performed by the sugar mills that transform into sugar cane, standardization functions are carried out so that the sugar mill sugar produced uniform, standardized function on marketing agencies banding banding is done to separate according to size, and packaging functions, namely the function of market knowledge price information. Suggestion can be given in this research include: 1) Should be directed to the marketing channels involves a lot of marketing agencies, namely marketing channels I: Farmers - Middleman - Rice Milling - Agent - Retailer - Consumers that reach a wider market. 2) Marketing channels of milkfish should be directed to marketing channels I: Farmer – Depo Fish Market - Wholesalers - Retailer - Consumer which involves a lot of marketing agencies that will reach a wider market. 3) Needs a implementation of market intelegence function by farmers that the price and technology information to increase the production of farmers and better bargaining position. 4) Given the role Gapoktan (Association of Farmers Group) which have not been able to assist its members in distributing the product and process its food production while facing famine harvest and it requires the implementation of the Strengthening Institutions Food Distribution Society (LDPM) are really active in helping farmers. 5) Given the provision of data or information regarding the supply, the price of food panel is still weak, it required an increase in inter-agency coordination of marketing (Producer - Wholesalers - Retailers) with relevant government agencies.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FP/2014/142/051403601
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agribisnis
Depositing User:	Budi Wahyono Wahyono
Date Deposited:	02 Jul 2014 11:08
Last Modified:	20 Oct 2021 03:37
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129593

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