Zuhdi, Fadhlan (2014) Faktor-Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Pangsa Ekspor Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Sebagai negara agraris, Indonesia memiliki potensi besar dalam produksi komoditi yang bersumber dari kekayaan alam, khususnya sektor pertanian yang merupakan unsur penting dalam pembangunan perekonomian negara. Salah satu tanaman hasil pertanian dari subsektor perkebunan yang menjadi komoditas ekspor yaitu tanaman kopi. Indonesia merupakan salah satu produsen kopi terbesar di dunia. Berdasarkan data statistik ekspor kopi dunia yang diperoleh dari International Coffee Organization (ICO), Indonesia menempati urutan ketiga sebagai eksportir kopi terbesar di dunia setelah Vietnam dan Brazil sejak tahun 2009. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perkembangan pangsa volume ekspor kopi Indonesia serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pangsa ekspor kopi Indonesia seperti luas area perkebunan kopi Indonesia, produktivitas kopi Indonesia, harga dunia, pangsa ekspor Brazil dan Vietnam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi analisis deskriptif dan regresi linier berganda. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel eksogen dan endogen. Variabel eksogen yaitu luas area perkebunan kopi Indonesia, produktivitas kopi Indonesia, harga kopi dunia, pangsa ekspor kopi Brazil dan Vietnam sedangkan variabel endogennya adalah pangsa volume ekspor kopi Indonesia. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sekunder seperti data mengenai luas area perkebunan kopi Indonesia, produktivitas kopi Indonesia, harga kopi dunia, serta pangsa ekspor kopi Indonesia, Brazil dan Vietnam selama kurun waktu 1993-2012. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik dokumentasi dengan mencari data-data sekunder yang terdapat di berbagai media seperti internet dan jurnal ilmiah. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Januari 2014 hingga bulan Maret 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa luas area perkebunan kopi Indonesia selama kurun waktu 1993-2012 mengalami perkembangan yang cenderung lamban dengan peningkata rata-rata sebesar 0.76 persen, demikian juga dengan produktivitas kopi Indonesia yang mengalami peningkatan rata-rata sebesar 2.47 persen atau lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan Brazil dan Vietnam. Perkembangan harga kopi dunia selama periode 1993-2012 juga menunjukan peningkatan yang tidak begitu tinggi yaitu rata-rata sebesar 8.57 persen. Perkembangan pangsa ekspor kopi Indonesia selama kurun waktu 1993-2012 memiliki perkembangan rata-rata sebesar -0.03 persen atau cenderung menurun. Perkembangan pangsa ekspor kopi Indonesia lebih rendah jika dibandingkan Brazil yang memiliki perkembangan rata-rata sebesar -0.01 persen (menurun) dan Vietnam sebesar 0.08 persen (meningkat). Berdasarkan uji regresi yang dilakukan, diperoleh nilai signifikansi pada luas area perkebunan kopi Indonesia sebesar 0.347, produktivitas kopi Indonesia sebesar 0.003, harga kopi dunia sebesar 0.127, pangsa ekspor kopi Brazil sebesar 0.006 dan pangsa ekspor kopi Vietnam sebesar 0.010. Pengujian dilakukan pada taraf signifikansi 0.05 (5 persen). Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat dijelaskan bahwa luas area perkebunan kopi Indonesia dan harga kopi dunia tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pangsa ekspor kopi Indonesia, sedangkan produktivitas kopi Indonesia, pangsa ekspor kopi Brazil dan Vietnam berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pangsa ekspor kopi Indonesia.
English Abstract
As an agricultural country, Indonesia has great potential in the production of commodities sourced from natural resources particularly the agricultural sector is an important element in the development of countrys economy. One of the sub-sectors of agricultural crop plantations for export crops is coffee. Indonesia is one of the largest coffee producers in the world. Based on the world coffee export statistics obtained from the International Coffee Organization (ICO), Indonesia ranks as the third largest coffee exporter in the world after Vietnam and Brazil since 2009. This research aims to describe the development of Indonesian coffee export share and analyze the factors that influence to Indonesian coffee export share such as coffee plantation area in Indonesia, Indonesian coffee productivity, world coffee prices, Brazil and Vietnam coffee share. The methods used in this study are descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis. The variables in this study consist of exogenous and endogenous variables. Exogenous variables are Indonesian coffee plantation area, Indonesian coffee productivity, world coffee prices, Brazil and Vietnam coffee export share. Endogenous variable is Indonesian coffee export share. Type of data that used in this research is a secondary data such as coffee plantation area in Indonesia, Indonesian coffee productivity, world coffee prices, Indonesian coffee export share, Brazil coffee export share and Vietnam coffee export share data during 1993-2012. Collecting data techniques that used are documentation technique by searching secondary data contained in various media such as the Internet and scientific journals. Research was conducted from January 2014 until March 2014. The results showed that Indonesian coffee plantation area during the period 1993-2012 had been developed tended to slow with an average increase of 0,76 percent, as well as the productivity of Indonesian coffee has increased by an average of 2,47 percent or lower among Brazil and Vietnam. The development of world coffee prices during the period 1993-2012 also showed an increase although not so high with an average of 8,57 percent. The development of the share of Indonesias coffee exports during the period 1993-2012 had an average growth of -0,03 percent or tends to decrease. The development of the share of Indonesias coffee exports lower than Brazil, who had an average growth of -0,01 percent (decrease) and Vietnam at 12,08 percent (increased). Based on regression tests performed, the significance value of Indonesian coffee plantation area is 0,347, Indonesian coffee productivity is 0,003, world coffee prices is 0,127, the share of Brazilian coffee exports is 0,006 and the share of Vietnamese coffee export is 0,010. Tests were conducted at the 0.05 significance level (5 percent). Based on the significant level, it can be explained that Indonesian coffee plantation area and the world price of coffee had no significant effect on Indonesian coffee export share while the productivity of Indonesian coffee, Brazil and Vietnam coffee export share had significant effect on the of exports of Indonesian coffee.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/106/051402621 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 02 May 2014 13:50 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 02:57 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129553 |
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