Analisis Efisiensi Alokatif Penggunaan Faktor-Faktor Produksi Pada Usahatani Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) (Kasus Di Desa Puhjarak, Kecamatan Plemahan, Kabupaten Kediri)

Choirina, VifiNurul (2013) Analisis Efisiensi Alokatif Penggunaan Faktor-Faktor Produksi Pada Usahatani Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) (Kasus Di Desa Puhjarak, Kecamatan Plemahan, Kabupaten Kediri). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Sektor pertanian memiliki peranan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia karena memiliki potensi sumberdayanya yang besar dan beragam serta menjadi salah satu penggerak bagi sistem perekonomian nasional. Sektor pertanian mengalami pertumbuhan positif dan memberikan kontribusi nyata terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Kontribusi nominal PDB dari tanaman pangan merupakan kontribusi terbesar PDB sektor pertanian. Menurut Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), berdasarkan atas dasar harga yang berlaku periode 2007-2009 PDB tanaman pangan meningkat sebesar 51,13%. Salah satu tanaman pangan yang sangat penting adalah padi sebagai bahan makanan pokok. Kontribusi padi tertinggi untuk Indonesia adalah provinsi Jawa Timur yang mencapai 16,08% (BPS, 2012). Kabupaten Kediri merupakan salah satu lumbung tanaman pangan khususnya padi di Jawa Timur. Hal tersebut didukung dengan luas wilayah panen sebesar 2,7% pada tahun 2011 dan mayoritas penduduk Kabupaten Kediri yang bermata pencaharian di sektor pertanian, baik sebagai petani, maupun buruh tani (BPS, 2012). Desa Puhjarak merupakan salah satu desa yang ada di Kecamatan Plemahan dengan pertanian sebagai mata pencaharian utama. Produktivitas padi di Desa Puhjarak tahun 2012 mencapai 58 kw/ha yang lebih rendah dari produktivitas Kecamatan Plemahan yang mencapai 62,22 kw/ha. Rendahnya produktivitas menyebabkan rendahnya pula pendapatan petani di Desa Puhjarak. Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah sejauh mana efisiensi alokatif penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi yang dicapai petani berpengaruh pada pendapatan petani padi di Desa Puhjarak, Kecamatan Plemahan, Kabupaten Kediri”. Kemudian dari permasalahan utama dapat dirumuskan rincian rumusan masalah, yaitu: (1) Seberapa besar tingkat produksi dan pendapatan usahatani padi di daerah penelitian; (2) apa saja faktor-faktor produksi yang berpengaruh pada produksi dan pendapatan usahatani padi di daerah penelitian; (3) seberapa besar tingkat efisiensi alokatif yang dicapai petani padi di daerah penelitian. Tujuan penelitian yaitu: (1) menganalisis tingkat produksi dan pendapatan usahatani padi di daerah penelitian; (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor produksi yang berpengaruh pada produksi usahatani padi; (3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada pendapatan usahatani padi; (4) menganalisis tingkat efisiensi alokatif yang dicapai petani padi. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive, yaitu Desa Puhjarak, Kecamatan Plemahan, Kabupaten Kediri. Kemudian pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel acak terstratifikasi (Stratified Random Sampling) berdasarkan luas lahan yang dimiliki oleh petani . Strata luas lahan dibagi menjadi 3 strata luas lahan, yaitu sempit < 0,16 ha; sedang 0,16 – 0,98 ha; dan luas > 0,98 ha. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap produksi dan pendapatan menggunakan fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas dan fungsi pendapatan dengan metode regresi berganda, sedangkan analisis efisiensi alokatif menggunakan analisis NPMx/Px. Hasil penelitian efisiensi alokatif dan penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi adalah (1) Produksi padi didaerah penelitian mencapai 5824,93 kg/ha dengan pendapatan Rp 8.052.953,- masih rendah, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh efisiensi penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi; (2) Benih, pestisida cair, pestisida padat berpengaruh positif dan nyata sedangkan tenaga kerja berpengaruh negatif. Pupuk, pengalaman usahatani, dan lama pendidikan pengaruhnya tidak terlihat dalam analisis karena data antar responden kurang bervariasi, selain itu usahatani yang dilakukan secara turun-temurun sehingga cara budidaya antar responden hampir sama meskipun memiliki pengalaman dan tingkat pendidikan yang berbeda; (3) Variabel jumlah produksi berpengaruh positif nyata terhadap pendapatan usahatani padi. Sedangkan biaya pupuk, dan tenaga kerja berpengaruh negatif nyata. Biaya benih dan pestisida tidak nampak pengaruhnya dalam analisis karena biaya antar responden kurang bervariasi; (4) Penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi pada usahatani padi pada tingkat harga pada saat penelitian semuanya tidak efisien. Penggunaan benih, pestisida cair, dan pestisida padat apabila dibandingkan dengan anjuran, penggunaannya terlalu sedikit sedangkan tenaga kerja terlalu banyak hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan nilai NPMx/Px lebih besar atau lebih kecil dari 1. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Tingkat produksi usahatani padi di daerah penelitian rata-rata 5824,93 kg/ha masih tergolong rendah dengan pendapatan Rp 8.052.953,- per hektar; (2) Benih, pestisida cair, dan pestisida padat berpengaruh positif pada produksi padi sedangkan tenaga kerja berpengaruh negatif. Pupuk, pengalaman usahatani, dan lama pendidikan pengaruhnya tidak terlihat dalam analisis ini; (3) Tingkat produksi yang dicapai petani berpengaruh positif pada pendapatan usahatani padi per hektar. Sedangkan biaya pupuk dan tenaga kerja berpengaruh negatif. Biaya benih dan pestisida tidak nampak pengaruhnya dalam analisis ini; (4) Pada tingkat harga yang berlaku saat penelitian penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi pada usahatani padi semuanya tidak efisien. Benih pestisida padat, dan pestisida cair penggunaannya terlalu sedikit sedangkan tenaga kerja penggunaannya terlalu banyak. Dari hasil analisis disarankan sebagai berikut: (1) Untuk mencapai produksi usahatani padi yang tinggi, produksi perlu ditingkatkan sehingga pendapatan yang dicapai juga lebih besar; (2) Perlu diteliti juga dalam penelitian mendatang variabel biaya benih dan pestisida cair karena dalam analisis ini tidak tampak pengaruhnya; (3) Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut yang dapat menunjukkan pengaruh masing-masing variabel yang dianalisis sehingga upaya peningkatan produksi dan pendapatan usahatani padi dapat dicapai; (4) Untuk pengembangan usahatani padi sehingga mencapai keuntungan yang maksimum di daerah penelitian, penggunaan benih, pestisida cair, dan pestisida padat perlu ditambah sedangkan tenaga kerja perlu dikurangi. Penambahannya masing-masing sebesar 42,81 kg/ha untuk benih, 23,45 kg/ha pestisida padat, 3397,88 ml pestisida cair, sedangkan tenaga kerja perlu dikurangi menjadi 91,06 HKSP/ha disesuaikan dengan kondisi lapang.

English Abstract

The agricultural sector has an important role in economy of Indonesia because it has the big and diverse potential of resource as well as being one of the main drivers for the national economic system. The agricultural sector has a positive growth and make a real contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Nominal GDP contribution of food crops is the largest contribution to GDP of the agricultural sector. According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), based on the basis of prices prevailing crop 2007-2009 GDP increased by 51.13%. One of the most important food crop is rice as a staple food. Highest contribution of rice to Indonesia is East Java province reached 16.08% (BPS, 2012). Kediri regency is one of the food crops, especially rice barns in East Java. This is supported by the harvest area by 2.7% in 2011 and the majority of the Kediri regency livelihood in agriculture, either as farmers or farm laborers (BPS, 2012). Puhjarak village is one of the villages in the Plemahan sub-district with agriculture as the main livelihood. Puhjarak rice productivity in the Village in 2012 to 58 kw / ha lower than productivity Plemahan sub-district reaching 62.22 kw / ha. Low productivity also leads to low income farmers in the Puhjarak village. The main problem in this research is “the extent to which the allocative efficiency of the use of production factors that affect farmers achieved revenue of rice farmers in the Puhjarak village, Plemahan sub-district, Kediri regency“. Then from the main issue details of the formulation of the problem can be formulated, namely: (1) The extent of rice production and farm income in the study area; (2) what are the factors of production that affect rice production and farm income in the study area; (3) the extent achieved allocative efficiency of rice farmers in the study area. Research purpose are: (1) analyze the level of rice production and farm income in the study area; (2) analyze the factors that affect the production of paddy production; (3) analyze the factors that affect rice farming income; (4) analyze the level of allocative efficiency are achieved rice farmers. Location research purposively, the Puhjarak Village, Plemahan sub-district, Kediri regency. Then the sampling is done with stratified random sampling the area of land owned by farmers. Stratum area divided into 3 broad strata of land, which is narrow < 0.16 ha; medium 0.16 to 0.98 ha, and large > 0.98 ha. The method used to analyze the factors that affect the production and income using the Cobb-Douglas production function and revenue function with multiple regression analysis, while the analysis of allocative efficiency using analysis NPMx/Px. The results of allocative efficiency and the use of production factors are (1) Research area of rice production reached 5824.93 kg / ha with a revenue of Rp 8,052,953, - still low, it is influenced by the efficiency of the use of factors of production; (2) Seed, liquid pesticide, pesticides, solid has positive effect while the negative effect of labor. Fertilizer, farming experience, and length of education effect is not seen in the analysis because of data among respondents is less varied, than that farming is carried from generation to generation so that the way of cultivation among respondents about the same despite having experience and different levels of education; (3) variable number production of a real positive effect on the income of rice farming . While the cost of fertilizer, and labor real negative effect . Cost of seeds and pesticides do not appear in the analysis because of its influence among respondents less variable costs; (4) The use of factors of production in rice farming in the price level at the time of the study all of them are not efficient. The use of seeds, liquid pesticides, and solid pesticides when compared with the dose, while the use of too little too much labor it is shown by the value NPMx/Px larger or smaller than 1. Conclusions of this study were (1) Production level of rice farming in the study area average of 5824.93 kg/ha is still relatively low with income Rp 8,052,953, - per hectare; (2) seed, liquid pesticides, and solid pesticides positive effect on rice production while the negative effect of labor. Fertilizer, farming experience, and length of education effect is not seen in this analysis; (3) farmers production levels are achieved positive effect on farm income per hectare of rice . While the cost of fertilizer and labor negatively . Cost of seeds and pesticides are not visible influence in this analysis; (4) At the current price level research into the use of factors of production in all rice farming is inefficient. Seed, solid pesticides , and liquid pesticide use is too little while labor use too much. From the analysis suggested the following: (1) To achieve a high production of rice farming, the production needs to be increased so that income is also achieved greater; (2) also should be investigated in future research are variable costs for seed and liquid pesticides because in this analysis does not seem influence; (3) further research is needed to demonstrate the influence of each variable were analyzed so that efforts to increase rice production and farm income can be achieved; (4) For the development of rice farming so as to achieve maximum gains in the area of research, the use of seeds, liquid pesticides, and solid pesticides need to be added while the workforce needs to be reduced. The addition amounted to 42.81 kg/ha for seed, 23.45 kg/ha of pesticides solid, liquid pesticides 3397.88 ml, while the labor needs to be reduced to 91.06 HKSP/ha adjusted to field conditions.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FP/2013/309/051311596
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agribisnis
Depositing User:	Hasbi
Date Deposited:	09 Dec 2013 10:04
Last Modified:	19 Oct 2021 08:11
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129426

	Text 4._Lembar_Pengesahan.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 2._Surat_Pernyataan_Originalitas.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 5._Halaman_peruntukan.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 3._Halaman_Persetujuan.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 1._Hard_and_Soft_Cover.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 6._RINGKASAN_DAN_DAFTAR_ISI.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 7._BAB_I.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 8.BAB_II.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 11.BAB_V.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 10.BAB_IV.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 12.BAB_VI.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 9.BAB_III.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 13.BAB_VII.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 14.DAFTAR_PUSTAKA.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text lampiran_1_sd_4.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text Lampiran_5_sd_13.pdf Download (2MB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (56kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (23kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (6kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (33kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (13kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (3kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (45kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (17kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (44kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (17kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (42kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (16kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (41kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (16kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (29kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (12kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (3kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (28kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (12kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (3kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (37kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (15kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (42kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (18kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (5kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (2kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (32kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (13kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (3kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (47kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (18kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (43kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (17kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (51kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (19kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (37kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (15kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox) lightbox.jpg Download (44kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview) preview.jpg Download (17kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium) medium.jpg Download (4kB)
	Other (Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small) small.jpg Download (1kB)

Actions (login required)

View Item