Ningrum, MaulidaturRahmawati (2013) Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) sebagai Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Jagung (Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs) pada Konsentrasi yang Berbeda. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penyakit hawar daun jagung yang disebabkan oleh patogen Exserohilum turcicum merupakan salah satu penyakit utama jagung. Cara alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dengan menggunakan fungisida nabati dari ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle L.). Sebagian besar senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak daun sirih adalah senyawa fenol dan turunannya yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jamur E. turcicum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan senyawa aktif dalam berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih sebagai informasi tentang efektifitasnya mengendalikan jamur E. turcicum. Senyawa aktif diekstrak dari daun sirih kering menggunakan pelarut metanol dan n heksan. Komposisi senyawa aktif diidentifikasi menggunakan GC-MS. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), 5 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Secara in vitro jamur E. turcicum diletakkan pada cawan petri berisi ekstrak daun sirih, kemudian penghambatan pertumbuhan jamur E. turcicum diukur dari diameter koloni dan berat miselium jamur. Secara in vivo konidia E. turcicum direndam pada daun jagung yang sebelumnya telah direndam dengan ekstrak daun sirih. Jumlah bercak coklat yang muncul pada permukaan daun jagung di hitung selama 5 hsi. Perlakuan yang di ujikan yaitu media tanpa pemberian ekstrak daun sirih sebagai kontrol, media dengan campuran ekstrak daun sirih konsentrasi 0,1 g/l, konsentrasi 2,5 g/l, konsentrasi 4 g/l dan konsentrasi 7 g/l. Hasil analisis dengan GC-MS yang menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol mengandung senyawa aktif karvakrol 68,34%, eugenol 14,68% dan kavikol 8,95%. Sedangakan dalam ekstrak heksana senyawa aktif yang terkandung yaitu eugenol 44.04%, kavikol 3.84%, naftalena 11.21% dan alfa selinena 11.63%. Secara in vitro ekstrak heksana paling efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur E. turcicum yaitu pada konsentrasi 7 g/l sebesar 47.8%. Ekstrak metanol daun sirih paling efektif menghambat yaitu pada konsentrasi 7 g/l sebesar 59.92%. Secara in vivo ekstrak daun sirih dapat menghambat pertumbuhan rata-rata bercak paling efektif yaitu pada konsentrasi 7 g/l sebanyak 6 bercak.
English Abstract
Corn leaf blight disease caused by Exserohilum turcicum is one of the diseases on Maize. Environmentally, alternative treatment that can be executed to control this pathogen is by using biofungicide of P. betle leaf extract. Most of the active compounds contained in the betel leaf extract are phenol and its derivates which inhibit growth and development of E. turcicum. The research apply to ability active compounds on various concentration is needed to provide informations about the effectivity in controlling E. turcicum. The active compounds were extracted from dry leaves of P. betle by using methanol and n hexane as solvent. The composition of active compounds was determined by means of GC-MS. There were in vitro and in vivo tests in this research. First, the extract was placed in petridish containing E. turcicum then the inhibition of the E. turcicum growth was determined by measuring colony diameter and misellium mass. Second, mass of E. turcicum was sprayed over corn leaf, then the number of brown spot growth on the surface on corn leaf was counted for 5 days after inoculation. The research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments that replaced 5 times. The experiment to control the growth and development of E. turcicum was performed by using different levels of concentrated extract on concentration 0.1 g/l, concentration 2.5 g/l, concentration 4 g/l and concentration 7 g/l, compared with PDA and corn leaf media without betel leaf extract as control. The GC-MS test showed that the n hexane extract of P. betle leaf has active compounds of eugenol 44.04%, naphtalene 11.21%, alpha-selinene 11.63% and chavicol 3.84%. The methanol extract of betel leaves has active compounds of carvacrol 68.34%, eugenol 14.68% and chavicol 8.95%. Furthermore, in vitro test finds out that betel leaves hexane extract with concentration 2.5 g/l effectively inhibited fungal growth of 47.8%. Concentration 7 g/l in extract metanol of betel leaves find out effective to inhibit of 59.92% the growth of E. turcicum. Whereas, in vivo test using concentration 7 g/l shows that effective inhibit the growth and the development of lesio on maize leaves evenly 6 spot.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2013/297/051311584 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Dec 2013 10:29 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 07:40 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129412 |
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