AndrianiPutri (2013) Uji Metode Pengolahan Tanah Terhadap Hasil Wortel (Daucus carota L.) Varietas Lokal Cisarua dan Takii Hibrida. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Produktivitas wortel mengalami peningkatan sebesar 15.86 ton ha-1 pada tahun 2012 dari tahun sebelumnya yaitu sebesar 14.67 ton ha-1 (BPS, 2012). Peningkatan produksi wortel tersebut menjadikan wortel sebagai komoditas dari sektor pertanian yang cukup prospektif untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia, namun kualitas umbi yang dihasilkan didominasi malformasi bentuk pada umbi seperti umbi bercabang (forking) bengkok dan kerdil yang mengakibatkan penurunan nilai ekonomis.Umbi abnormal secara umum disebabkan oleh kondisi tanah yang padat, aerasi buruk disertai kesehatan tanah yang rendah atau biasa disebut hambatan mekanis tanah.Hambatan mekanis tanah (Mechanical impedance) dipengaruhi oleh mineralogi liat, bobot isi tanah, tekstur, struktur, kelembapan, dan kandungan bahan organic. Kondisi tanah tersebut dapat diperbaiki dengan pengolahan tanah yang berpengaruh pada struktur tanah, kemampuan menahan air, aerasi, kemampuan infiltrasi, pembatasan kehilangan unsur hara, suhu dan evaporasi. Pengolahan tanah akan mengurangi pembentukan panas, membentuk ruang perakaran yang optimum dan memecah saluran kapiler dalam tanah. Lapisan yang diolah akan mengering dengan cepat, tetapi kelembaban dibawah dapat terkonservasi dengan baik. Disisi lain pengolahan tanah membutuhkan input energi yang tinggi dari tenaga manusia, hewan, bahan bakar dan mesin mekanisasi. Pengolahan tanah yang berlebihan berpengaruh negatif terhadap sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah diperlukan metode pengolahan yang tepat dalam budidaya tanaman wortel agar diperoleh cara budidaya tanaman yang berdayaguna dan produktif. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk (1) Mengetahui pengaruh pengolahan tanah terhadap pertumbuhan, kuantitas, dan kualitas bentuk umbi wortel pada varietas lokal dan hibrida; (2) Mengetahui metode pengolahan tanah yang dapat meminimalisir pengolahan tanah serta mengarah pada konservasi lahan sehingga dapat menekan biaya produksi tanpa mengurangi produksi wortel. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya yang terletak di Cangar, Kota Batu. Penelitian akan dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai April 2012. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (RPT). Pengolahan tanah sebagai petak utama dan perbedaan varietas wortel sebagai anak petak didapatkan 8 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 4 kali ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 32 satuan kombinasi. Pengolahan tanah (P) terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu P1= Tanpa olah tanah, P2= Olah Tanah Minimum, P3= Olah tanah petani dan P3= Olah tanah maksimum, sedangkan perlakuan varietas (V) terdiri dari 2 taraf, yaitu V1= Varietas Lokal Cisarua dan V2= Varietas Takii Hibrida.Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan pada 30, 45, 60,75 dan 90 HST. Komponen pengamatan pertumbuhan meliputi panjang umbi, volume umbi, luas daun dan bobot kering. Pengamatan hasil dilakukan pada 105 HST dengan mengatamati panjang umbi, volume umbi, bobot segar, penggolongan mutu umbi dan indeks panen. Data hasil pengamatanakan dianalisis dengan uji F dan jika berbeda nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT taraf 5%. Dari hasil percobaan menunjukkan interaksi nyata perlakuan pengolahan tanah dan varietas pada beberapa parameter pengamatan, diantaranya adalah panjang akar, luas daun, bobot kering, panjang umbi dan volume umbi. Perlakuan pengolahan tanah memberikan pengaruh nyata pada parameter diameter umbi, laju pertumbuhan tanaman dan prosentase umbi normal (Grade A), sedangkan perlakuan perbedaan varietas berpengaruh nyata pada root shoot rasio. Perlakuan pengolahan tanah dan perbedaan varietas memberikan pengaruh nyata pada parameter bobot segar konsumsi, panjang dan volume umbi saat panen.Perlakuan pengolahan tanah tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada parameter indeks luas daun, diamater umbi saat panen. Perlakuan olah tanah minimum, olah tanah petani dan olah tanah maksimum pada Varietas Lokal Cisarua menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik daripada tanpa olah tanah sebesar 52 % terhadap parameter bertumbuhan dan 49.83 % terhadap komponen hasil. Sedangkan pada Varietas Takii Hibrida, perlakuan olah tanah petani dan olah tanah maksimum menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik daripada olah tanah minium dan tanpa olah tanah sebesar 26.95 % terhadap parameter bertumbuhan dan 29.64 % terhadap komponen hasil. Pengolah tanah minimum mampu menghasilkan produksi bobot segar, panjang umbi, volume umbi dan prosentase umbi normal (Grade A) yang sama dengan pengolahan metode petani dan pengolahan maksimum.
English Abstract
Carrot productivity increased by 15.86 tons ha-1 in 2012 from the previous year in the amount of 14.67 tons ha-1 (BPS, 2012). Increasing production has made carrots as commodities from the agricultural sector which is very prospective to be develope in Indonesia but the quality of the tubers produced predominantly in the malformation tuber’s shape such as branching tubers or forking, dwarf and bent cause economy decline. the malformation tuber’s is generally caused by dense soil conditions, poorly aerated soils with low health, usually called by mechanical impedance. Mechanical impedance has been influenced by clay mineralogy, soil bulk density, texture, structure, moisture and soil organic matter. The Soil condition can be improved by tillage effecting on soil structure, water holding capacity, aeration, infiltration capacity, loss of nutrient limitation, temperature and soil evaporation. Tillage reduces heat production, produces optimum rooting space and capillary channels in the soil break down. Processed layer will dry quickly, but moisture can be well conserved. On the other side, tillage requires high energy input of human labor, animals, fuel and machinery mechanization. Tillage can result in negative effects on soil life. Therefor it needs a right tillage method on processing procedures of carrot’s cultivation. Appliying a right tillage method on cultivation is not only aimed at the cultivation of crops, but also for soil conservation. The purpose of this research are (1) To understand the influence of tillage on growth, quantity, and quality of carrot root shape on local and hybrids varieties, (2) to understand tillage method that it could reduce tillage intensity and support land conservation efforts with the productivity and quality of tubers tend to be equal with other tillage methods. The hypothesis of this research are (1) the effect of soil tillage on growth, quantity, and quality of carrot root shape would be different on each varieties and (2) Hybrid carrot Variety require more intensive tillage than local Variety. This research was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya on Cangar, Kota Batu. The research carried out from January to April 2013. The design of the research used split plot design. Tillage as main plot and differences of carrot varieties as subplot obtained 8 combination treatment with 4 replications, in order to obtain 32 units of the combination. Tillage (P) consists of 4 levels are P1 = No tillage, P2=Minimum tillage P3 = Farmers tillage method and P4 = Maximum tillage, whereas treatment varieties (V) consist of two levels, i.e. V1 = Cisarua Local Variety and V2 = Takii Hybrid Variety. The growth as performed on 30, 45, 60,75 and 90 days after planting. Components of the growth observation are root lenght tuber, lenght, tuber volume, leaf area and dry weight. The observation of harvest was conducted by on 105 days after planting observing tuber lenght, tubers volume, fresh weight, tuber quality classification and root shoot ratio. The observation of the data was analyzed by F test and it was significantly different then it was followed by LSD test level of 5%. Based on research, tillage treatments and varieties showed a different interaction on the parameters of root length, dry weight, tuber length and tuber volume. Tillage treatments and varieties gave different influence on the parameters of tuber fresh weight, length and volume of tubers at harvest but not different influence on the parameters tuber diameter and leaf area index. Tillage shows a significant effect on the crop growth rate, the diameter of tubers at harvest and the percentage of normal tubers shape (Grade A), while treatment different varieties shows a significant on parameters the root shoot ratio. Cisarua Local Variety gave better effect on all parameters than Takii Hybrid Variety. Minimum tillage, farmers tillage method and maximum tillage on Cisarua Local Variety shows better result than no tillage which is 52 % of the growth parameters and 49.83 % of the harvest parameters. While on Takii Hybrid Variety, farmers tillage method and maximum tillage shows better result no tillage and minimum tillage which is 26.95 % of the growth parameters and 29.64 % of the harvest parameters. Minimum tillage produces fresh weight, tuber length, tuber volume and percentage of grade A tend to be equal with farmers tillage method and maximum tillage treatment.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2013/164/051307138 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agribisnis |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Nov 2013 14:27 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 03:10 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129277 |
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