Pamuji, Ronny (2013) Populasi Dan Serangan Hama Ulat Kantung Metisa Plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) Serta Parasitoidnya Di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Pt. Lestari Tani Teladan, Kabupaten Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Ulat kantung Metisa plana Walker ialah hama penting tanaman kelapa sawit (Sankaran dan Syed 1972). Serangan M. plana pada kondisi defoliasi 10-13% dapat menyebabkan penurunan hasil sekitar 30-40% selama dua tahun (Basri dan Kevan, 1995). Upaya pengendalian hama M. plana secara terpadu harus memperhatikan keadaan populasi hama agar pengendalian berjalan optimal (Khalid dan Ali, 2009). Pemanfaatkan parasitoid khususnya ordo Hymenoptera sebagai agens hayati M. plana berpotensi besar dalam pengendalian secara alami pada lanskap perkebunan (Sahari, 2012). Informasi mengenai populasi M. plana dan parasitoidnya masih terbatas, sehingga diperlukan kajian khusus sebagai sumber informasi yang diperlukan dalam perencanaan pengendalian. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2012 sampai dengan Januari 2013 di perkebunan kelapa sawit Blok 1-9 Afdeling Kilo PT. Lestari Tani Teladan, Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah dan Laboratorium Entomologi Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), Cibinong, Jawa Barat. Penentuan blok contoh dilakukan berdasarkan kondisi serangan hama ulat kantung (purposive sampling). Penentuan tanaman contoh menggunakan metode sistematik (Krebs, 1989: Young dan young, 1998). Pengambilan pelepah daun contoh dilakukan 4 kali pengamatan. Kriteria pelepah daun yang menjadi contoh ialah daun yang masih baru mengalami serangan dan tingkat gejala serangan ulat kantung terparah. Ulat kantung yang telah diperoleh dari tiap titik pengamatan dilakukan pemisahan antara larva dengan pupa, setelah itu dilakukan perhitungan jumlah larva yang masih aktif dan tidak aktif serta pupa terparasit, sehat dan kosong. Eksplorasi parasitoid dilakukan pada stadia pupa pada pengamatan ke-4. Parasitoid yang ditemukan, diawetkan untuk diidentifikasi. Fluktuasi populasi larva M. plana pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2012 cenderung menurun dan diikuti oleh peningkatan jumlah pupa. Populasi larva M. plana tertinggi pada blok 4 sebesar 12,82 larva/pelepah, sedangkan terendah pada blok 1 sebesar 1,39 larva/pelepah. Populasi pupa M. plana tertinggi pada blok 4 sebesar 14,17 pupa/pelepah, sedangkan terendah pada blok 1 sebesar 1 pupa/pelepah. Persamaan regresi linier antara total pupa dan pupa terparasit ialah y = 0,111x + 38,88 dengan koefisien determinasi 0,95. Intesitas serangan M. plana tertinggi pada blok 4 sebesar 65,38% dan terendah pada blok 1 sebesar 10,5%. Luas serangan tertinggi terjadi pada blok 3 sebesar 38,83 ha dan terendah pada blok 1 sebesar 5,15 ha. Parasitoid M. plana yang ditemukan ialah Brachymeria sp (Hymenoptera: Chalchididae) 34%, Eurytoma sp (Hymenoptera: Euritomidae) 13%, Entodoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 17%, Tetrastichus sp (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 24%, Phygadeuontinae A (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) 2%, Phygadeuontinae B (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) 1% dan Diptera: Tachinidae 9%.
English Abstract
Bagworm Metisa plana Walker is important pests of oil palm plantations (Sankaran and Syed 1972). M. plana attacks at 10-13% defoliation conditions can cause a decrease in yield of about 30-40% over two years (Basri and Kevan, 1995). Integrated pest management of M. plana must consider the populations to get optimal control (Khalid and Ali, 2009). Utilization of Hymenoptera parasitoids as biological agents of M. Plana should have a great potential for controlling the plantation landscape naturally (Sahari, 2012). Informations about the population of M. plana and parasitoids are still limited, so it requires special studies as necessary resources for planning control. Research was conducted at oil palm plantation block 1-9 Afdeling Kilo PT. Lestari Tani Teladan, Donggala, Central Sulawesi and Laboratory of Entomology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, West Java from August 2012 to January 2013. Observation block selected by attack condition of Bagworm (purposive sampling). A systematic sampling method was used to observe M. plana population from each observation point (Krebs, 1989: Young and Young, 1998). Sampling was replicated 4 times. There were two stages of M. plana such as larvae and pupae. In both stages, their condition were checked to clarify their parasitoids. In addition, parasitoids were observed especially at fourth observation. Parasitoids that were found, were preserved to be identified. Result showed that population of M. plana larva decreased during observation period (from August to October 2012). Opposite condition was occurred that population of pupa increased in same period of observation. Populations of M. plana larva was highest on block 4 (12,82 larvae/leaf) and the lowest on block 1 (1,39 larvae/leaf). Population of M. plana pupa was highest on block 4 (14,17 pupae/leaf), while the lowest on block 1 (1 pupa/leaf). Equation of linear regression between total pupae and number of parasitized pupae is y = 0,111x + 38,88 with a coefficient of determination 0.95. Attacks intensity of M. plana was highest on block 4 (65,38%) and the lowest on block 1 (10,5%). Highest attack arrea of M. plana was recorder on blok 3 (38,83 ha) and the lowest on blok 1 (5,15 ha). Some parasitoids were identified as Brachymeria sp (Hymenoptera: Chalchididae) 34%, Eurytoma sp (Hymenoptera: Euritomidae) 13%, Entodoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 17%, Tetrastichus sp (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 24%, Phygadeuontinae A (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) 2%, Phygadeuontinae B (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) 1% and Diptera: Tachinidae 9%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2013/156/051307130 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Nov 2013 09:39 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 02:57 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129269 |
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